Conjetura de las familias estables por uniones

La conjetura de las familias estables por uniones fue planteada por Péter Frankl en 1979 y aún sigue abierta.

Una familia de conjuntos es estable por uniones si la unión de dos conjuntos cualesquiera de la familia pertenece a la familia. Por ejemplo, {∅, {1}, {2}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {1,2,3}} es estable por uniones; pero {{1}, {2}, {1,3}, {1,2,3}} no lo es.

La conjetura afirma que toda familia no vacía estable por uniones y distinta de {∅} posee algún elemento que pertenece al menos a la mitad de los conjuntos de la familia.

Definir las funciones

   esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool
   familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))
   mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]
   conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool

esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool

familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))

mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]

conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool

tales que

(esEstable f) se verifica si la familia f es estable por uniones. Por ejemplo,

     λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [1..5]])
     True
     λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,7], fromList [1..5]])
     False
     λ> esEstable (fromList [fromList [1,2], singleton 3, fromList [1..3]])
     True

λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [1..5]])

True

λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,7], fromList [1..5]])

False

λ> esEstable (fromList [fromList [1,2], singleton 3, fromList [1..3]])

True

(familiasEstables c) es el conjunto de las familias estables por uniones formadas por elementos del conjunto c. Por ejemplo,

     λ> familiasEstables (fromList [1..2])
     fromList
       [ fromList []
       , fromList [fromList []]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]],
         fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1]]
       , fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1,2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [2]]]
     λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1,2]))
     14
     λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..3]))
     122
     λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..4]))
     4960

λ> familiasEstables (fromList [1..2])

fromList

[ fromList []

, fromList [fromList []]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]],

fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [1]]

, fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]

, fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [1,2]]

, fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [2]]]

λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1,2]))

λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..3]))

122

λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..4]))

4960

(mayoritarios f) es la lista de elementos que pertenecen al menos a la mitad de los conjuntos de la familia f. Por ejemplo,

     mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) == [3]
     mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [4,5]]) == []

1 2	mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) == [3] mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [4,5]]) == []

(conjeturaFrankl n) se verifica si para toda familia f formada por elementos del conjunto {1,2,…,n} no vacía, estable por uniones y distinta de {∅} posee algún elemento que pertenece al menos a la mitad de los conjuntos de f. Por ejemplo.

     conjeturaFrankl 2  ==  True
     conjeturaFrankl 3  ==  True
     conjeturaFrankl 4  ==  True

conjeturaFrankl 2 == True

conjeturaFrankl 3 == True

conjeturaFrankl 4 == True

Soluciones

import Data.Set  as S ( Set
                      , delete
                      , deleteFindMin
                      , empty
                      , filter
                      , fromList
                      , insert
                      , map
                      , member
                      , null
                      , singleton
                      , size
                      , toList
                      , union
                      , unions
                      )
import Data.List as L ( filter
                      , null
                      )

esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool
esEstable xss =
  and [ys `S.union` zs `member` xss | (ys,yss) <- selecciones xss
                                    , zs <- toList yss]

-- (seleccciones xs) es la lista de los pares formada por un elemento de
-- xs y los restantes elementos. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> selecciones (fromList [3,2,5])
--    [(2,fromList [3,5]),(3,fromList [2,5]),(5,fromList [2,3])]
selecciones :: Ord a => Set a -> [(a,Set a)]
selecciones xs =
  [(x,delete x xs) | x <- toList xs] 

familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))
familiasEstables xss =
  S.filter esEstable (familias xss)

-- (familias c) es la familia formadas con elementos de c. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> mapM_ print (familias (fromList [1,2]))
--    fromList []
--    fromList [fromList []]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1]]
--    fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [2]]
--    λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2]))
--    16
--    λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3]))
--    256
--    λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3,4]))
--    65536
familias :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))
familias c =
  subconjuntos (subconjuntos c)

-- (subconjuntos c) es el conjunto de los subconjuntos de c. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> mapM_ print (subconjuntos (fromList [1,2,3]))
--    fromList []
--    fromList [1]
--    fromList [1,2]
--    fromList [1,2,3]
--    fromList [1,3]
--    fromList [2]
--    fromList [2,3]
--    fromList [3]
subconjuntos :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set a)
subconjuntos c
  | S.null c  = singleton empty
  | otherwise = S.map (insert x) sr `union` sr
  where (x,rc) = deleteFindMin c
        sr     = subconjuntos rc

-- (elementosFamilia f) es el conjunto de los elementos de los elementos
-- de la familia f. Por ejemplo, 
--    λ> elementosFamilia (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [2,5]])
--    fromList [1,2,5]
elementosFamilia :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Set a
elementosFamilia = unions . toList

-- (nOcurrencias f x) es el número de conjuntos de la familia f a los
-- que pertenece el elemento x. Por ejemplo,
--    nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 3 == 2
--    nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 4 == 0
--    nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 5 == 1
nOcurrencias :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> a -> Int
nOcurrencias f x =
  length (L.filter (x `member`) (toList f))

mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]
mayoritarios f =
  [x | x <- toList (elementosFamilia f)
     , nOcurrencias f x >= n]
  where n = (1 + size f) `div` 2

conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool
conjeturaFrankl n =
  and [ not (L.null (mayoritarios f))
      | f <- fs
      , f /= fromList []
      , f /= fromList [empty]]
  where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))


-- conjeturaFrankl' :: Int -> Bool
conjeturaFrankl' n =
  [f | f <- fs
     , L.null (mayoritarios f)
     , f /= fromList []
     , f /= fromList [empty]]
  where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))

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import Data.Set as S ( Set

, delete

, deleteFindMin

, empty

, filter

, fromList

, insert

, map

, member

, null

, singleton

, size

, toList

, union

, unions

)

import Data.List as L ( filter

, null

)

esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool

esEstable xss =

and [ys `S.union` zs `member` xss | (ys,yss) <- selecciones xss

, zs <- toList yss]

-- (seleccciones xs) es la lista de los pares formada por un elemento de

-- xs y los restantes elementos. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> selecciones (fromList [3,2,5])

-- [(2,fromList [3,5]),(3,fromList [2,5]),(5,fromList [2,3])]

selecciones :: Ord a => Set a -> [(a,Set a)]

selecciones xs =

[(x,delete x xs) | x <- toList xs]

familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))

familiasEstables xss =

S.filter esEstable (familias xss)

-- (familias c) es la familia formadas con elementos de c. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> mapM_ print (familias (fromList [1,2]))

-- fromList []

-- fromList [fromList []]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1]]

-- fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [2]]

-- λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2]))

-- 16

-- λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3]))

-- 256

-- λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3,4]))

-- 65536

familias :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))

familias c =

subconjuntos (subconjuntos c)

-- (subconjuntos c) es el conjunto de los subconjuntos de c. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> mapM_ print (subconjuntos (fromList [1,2,3]))

-- fromList []

-- fromList [1]

-- fromList [1,2]

-- fromList [1,2,3]

-- fromList [1,3]

-- fromList [2]

-- fromList [2,3]

-- fromList [3]

subconjuntos :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set a)

subconjuntos c

| S.null c = singleton empty

| otherwise = S.map (insert x) sr `union` sr

where (x,rc) = deleteFindMin c

sr = subconjuntos rc

-- (elementosFamilia f) es el conjunto de los elementos de los elementos

-- de la familia f. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> elementosFamilia (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [2,5]])

-- fromList [1,2,5]

elementosFamilia :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Set a

elementosFamilia = unions . toList

-- (nOcurrencias f x) es el número de conjuntos de la familia f a los

-- que pertenece el elemento x. Por ejemplo,

-- nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 3 == 2

-- nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 4 == 0

-- nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 5 == 1

nOcurrencias :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> a -> Int

nOcurrencias f x =

length (L.filter (x `member`) (toList f))

mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]

mayoritarios f =

[x | x <- toList (elementosFamilia f)

, nOcurrencias f x >= n]

where n = (1 + size f) `div` 2

conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool

conjeturaFrankl n =

and [ not (L.null (mayoritarios f))

| f <- fs

, f /= fromList []

, f /= fromList [empty]]

where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))

-- conjeturaFrankl' :: Int -> Bool

conjeturaFrankl' n =

[f | f <- fs

, L.null (mayoritarios f)

, f /= fromList []

, f /= fromList [empty]]

where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))

Pensamiento

Pero tampoco es razón
desdeñar
consejo que es confesión.

Antonio Machado

esEstable :: Ord a => S.Set (S.Set a) -> Bool
esEstable v  = and [ S.member (S.union x y)  v | x <- S.elems v , y <- S.elems v ]

familiasEstables :: Ord a => S.Set a -> S.Set (S.Set (S.Set a))
familiasEstables v = S.filter esEstable $ conjuntopotencia $ conjuntopotencia v


conjuntopotencia :: Ord a => S.Set a -> S.Set (S.Set a)
conjuntopotencia c  = S.map S.fromList $ S.fromList $ aux $ S.toList c
  where aux [] = [[]]
        aux (x:xs) = [ x : ys | ys <- aux xs] ++ aux xs
mayoritarios :: Ord a => S.Set (S.Set a) -> [a]
mayoritarios v  | even $ S.size v = aux ( f v)  $ div (S.size v) 2
                | otherwise = aux ( f v)  $ div (S.size v) 2 + 1
  where f v = S.toList $ foldl S.union S.empty v
        aux xs  n = [ x | x <- xs , g x n ]
        g x n =  n == sum [ 1 | z <- S.elems v , S.member x z] 
                     
conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool
conjeturaFrankl = not.null.mayoritarios.familiasEstables.aux
  where aux n = S.fromList [1..n]

esEstable :: Ord a => S.Set (S.Set a) -> Bool

esEstable v = and [ S.member (S.union x y) v | x <- S.elems v , y <- S.elems v ]

familiasEstables :: Ord a => S.Set a -> S.Set (S.Set (S.Set a))

familiasEstables v = S.filter esEstable $ conjuntopotencia $ conjuntopotencia v

conjuntopotencia :: Ord a => S.Set a -> S.Set (S.Set a)

conjuntopotencia c = S.map S.fromList $ S.fromList $ aux $ S.toList c

where aux [] = [[]]

aux (x:xs) = [ x : ys | ys <- aux xs] ++ aux xs

mayoritarios :: Ord a => S.Set (S.Set a) -> [a]

mayoritarios v | even $ S.size v = aux ( f v) $ div (S.size v) 2

| otherwise = aux ( f v) $ div (S.size v) 2 + 1

where f v = S.toList $ foldl S.union S.empty v

aux xs n = [ x | x <- xs , g x n ]

g x n = n == sum [ 1 | z <- S.elems v , S.member x z]

conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool

conjeturaFrankl = not.null.mayoritarios.familiasEstables.aux

where aux n = S.fromList [1..n]

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Conjetura de las familias estables por uniones

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