Ternas pitagóricas con suma dada

   ternasPitagoricas :: Integer -> [(Integer,Integer,Integer)]

   ternasPitagoricas 12     == [(3,4,5)]
   ternasPitagoricas 60     == [(10,24,26),(15,20,25)]
   ternasPitagoricas (10^6) == [(218750,360000,421250),(200000,375000,425000)]

import Data.List (nub,sort)
import Test.QuickCheck
 
-- 1ª solución                                                   --
-- ===========
 
ternasPitagoricas1 :: Integer -> [(Integer,Integer,Integer)]
ternasPitagoricas1 x =
  [(a,b,c) | a <- [0..x],
             b <- [a+1..x],
             c <- [b+1..x],
             a^2 + b^2 == c^2,
             a+b+c == x]
 
-- 2ª solución                                                   --
-- ===========
 
ternasPitagoricas2 :: Integer -> [(Integer,Integer,Integer)]
ternasPitagoricas2 x =
  [(a,b,c) | a <- [1..x],
             b <- [a+1..x-a],
             let c = x-a-b,
             a^2+b^2 == c^2]
 
-- 3ª solución                                                   --
-- ===========
 
-- Todas las ternas pitagóricas primitivas (a,b,c) pueden representarse
-- por
--    a = m^2 - n^2, b = 2*m*n, c = m^2 + n^2,
-- con 1 <= n < m. (Ver en https://bit.ly/35UNY6L ).
 
ternasPitagoricas3 :: Integer -> [(Integer,Integer,Integer)]
ternasPitagoricas3 x =
  nub [(d*a,d*b,d*c) | d <- [1..x],
                       x `mod` d == 0,
                      (a,b,c) <- aux (x `div` d)]
  where
    aux y = [(a,b,c) | m <- [2..limite],
                       n <- [1..m-1],
                       let [a,b] = sort [m^2 - n^2, 2*m*n],
                       let c = m^2 + n^2,
                       a+b+c == y]
      where limite = ceiling (sqrt (fromIntegral y))
 
-- Equivalencia de las definiciones
-- ================================
 
-- La propiedad es
prop_ternasPitagoricas :: Positive Integer -> Bool
prop_ternasPitagoricas (Positive x) =
  all (== (ternasPitagoricas1 x))
      [ternasPitagoricas2 x,
       ternasPitagoricas3 x]
 
-- La comprobación es
--    λ> quickCheck prop_ternasPitagoricas
--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.
 
-- Comparación de eficiencia
-- =========================
 
-- La comparación es
--    λ> ternasPitagoricas1 200
--    [(40,75,85)]
--    (1.90 secs, 2,404,800,856 bytes)
--    λ> ternasPitagoricas2 200
--    [(40,75,85)]
--    (0.06 secs, 19,334,232 bytes)
--    λ> ternasPitagoricas3 200
--    [(40,75,85)]
--    (0.01 secs, 994,224 bytes)
--
--    λ> ternasPitagoricas2 3000
--    [(500,1200,1300),(600,1125,1275),(750,1000,1250)]
--    (4.41 secs, 4,354,148,136 bytes)
--    λ> ternasPitagoricas3 3000
--    [(500,1200,1300),(600,1125,1275),(750,1000,1250)]
--    (0.05 secs, 17,110,360 bytes)