difference

Clausura de un conjunto respecto de una función

PorJosé A. Alonso 2-mayo-20223-mayo-2022

Un conjunto A está cerrado respecto de una función f si para elemento x de A se tiene que f(x) pertenece a A. La clausura de un conjunto B respecto de una función f es el menor conjunto A que contiene a B y es cerrado respecto de f. Por ejemplo, la clausura de {0,1,2] respecto del opuesto es {-2,-1,0,1,2}.

Definir la función

   clausura :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]

1	clausura :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]

tal que (clausura f xs) es la clausura de xs respecto de f. Por ejemplo,

   clausura (\x -> -x) [0,1,2]         ==  [-2,-1,0,1,2]
   clausura (\x -> (x+1) `mod` 5) [0]  ==  [0,1,2,3,4]
   length (clausura (\x -> (x+1) `mod` (10^6)) [0]) == 1000000

clausura (\x -> -x) [0,1,2] == [-2,-1,0,1,2]

clausura (\x -> (x+1) `mod` 5) [0] == [0,1,2,3,4]

length (clausura (\x -> (x+1) `mod` (10^6)) [0]) == 1000000

Soluciones

module Clausura where

import Data.List ((\\), nub, sort, union)
import Test.QuickCheck.HigherOrder (quickCheck')
import qualified Data.Set as S (Set, difference, fromList, map, null, toList, union)

-- 1ª solución
-- ===========

clausura1 :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]
clausura1 f xs
  | esCerrado f xs = sort xs
  | otherwise      = clausura1 f (expansion f xs)

-- (esCerrado f xs) se verifica si al aplicar f a cualquier elemento de
-- xs se obtiene un elemento de xs. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> esCerrado (\x -> -x) [0,1,2]
--    False
--    λ> esCerrado (\x -> -x) [0,1,2,-2,-1]
--    True
esCerrado :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> Bool
esCerrado f xs = all (`elem` xs) (map f xs)

-- (expansion f xs) es la lista (sin repeticiones) obtenidas añadiéndole
-- a xs el resulta de aplicar f a sus elementos. Por ejemplo,
--    expansion (\x -> -x) [0,1,2]  ==  [0,1,2,-1,-2]
expansion :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]
expansion f xs = xs `union` map f xs

-- 2ª solución
-- ===========

clausura2 :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]
clausura2 f xs = sort (until (esCerrado f) (expansion f) xs)

-- 3ª solución
-- ===========

clausura3 :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]
clausura3 f xs = aux xs xs
  where aux ys vs | null ns   = sort vs
                  | otherwise = aux ns (vs ++ ns)
          where ns = nub (map f ys) \\ vs

-- 4ª solución
-- ===========

clausura4 :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]
clausura4 f xs = S.toList (clausura4' f (S.fromList xs))

clausura4' :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> S.Set a -> S.Set a
clausura4' f xs = aux xs xs
  where aux ys vs | S.null ns = vs
                  | otherwise = aux ns (vs `S.union` ns)
          where ns = S.map f ys `S.difference` vs

-- Comprobación de equivalencia
-- ============================

-- La propiedad es
prop_clausura :: (Int -> Int) -> [Int] -> Bool
prop_clausura f xs =
  all (== clausura1 f xs')
      [ clausura2 f xs'
      , clausura3 f xs'
      , clausura4 f xs'
      ]
  where xs' = sort (nub xs)

-- La comprobación es
--    λ> quickCheck' prop_clausura
--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

-- Comparación de eficiencia
-- =========================

-- La comparación es
--    λ> length (clausura1 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` 800) [0])
--    800
--    (1.95 secs, 213,481,560 bytes)
--    λ> length (clausura2 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` 800) [0])
--    800
--    (1.96 secs, 213,372,824 bytes)
--    λ> length (clausura3 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` 800) [0])
--    800
--    (0.03 secs, 42,055,128 bytes)
--    λ> length (clausura4 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` 800) [0])
--    800
--    (0.01 secs, 1,779,768 bytes)
--
--    λ> length (clausura3 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` (10^4)) [0])
--    10000
--    (2.50 secs, 8,080,105,816 bytes)
--    λ> length (clausura4 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` (10^4)) [0])
--    10000
--    (0.05 secs, 27,186,920 bytes)

module Clausura where

import Data.List ((\\), nub, sort, union)

import Test.QuickCheck.HigherOrder (quickCheck')

import qualified Data.Set as S (Set, difference, fromList, map, null, toList, union)

-- 1ª solución

-- ===========

clausura1 :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]

clausura1 f xs

| esCerrado f xs = sort xs

| otherwise = clausura1 f (expansion f xs)

-- (esCerrado f xs) se verifica si al aplicar f a cualquier elemento de

-- xs se obtiene un elemento de xs. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> esCerrado (\x -> -x) [0,1,2]

-- False

-- λ> esCerrado (\x -> -x) [0,1,2,-2,-1]

-- True

esCerrado :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> Bool

esCerrado f xs = all (`elem` xs) (map f xs)

-- (expansion f xs) es la lista (sin repeticiones) obtenidas añadiéndole

-- a xs el resulta de aplicar f a sus elementos. Por ejemplo,

-- expansion (\x -> -x) [0,1,2] == [0,1,2,-1,-2]

expansion :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]

expansion f xs = xs `union` map f xs

-- 2ª solución

-- ===========

clausura2 :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]

clausura2 f xs = sort (until (esCerrado f) (expansion f) xs)

-- 3ª solución

-- ===========

clausura3 :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]

clausura3 f xs = aux xs xs

where aux ys vs | null ns = sort vs

| otherwise = aux ns (vs ++ ns)

where ns = nub (map f ys) \\ vs

-- 4ª solución

-- ===========

clausura4 :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> [a] -> [a]

clausura4 f xs = S.toList (clausura4' f (S.fromList xs))

clausura4' :: Ord a => (a -> a) -> S.Set a -> S.Set a

clausura4' f xs = aux xs xs

where aux ys vs | S.null ns = vs

| otherwise = aux ns (vs `S.union` ns)

where ns = S.map f ys `S.difference` vs

-- Comprobación de equivalencia

-- ============================

-- La propiedad es

prop_clausura :: (Int -> Int) -> [Int] -> Bool

prop_clausura f xs =

all (== clausura1 f xs')

[ clausura2 f xs'

, clausura3 f xs'

, clausura4 f xs'

]

where xs' = sort (nub xs)

-- La comprobación es

-- λ> quickCheck' prop_clausura

-- +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

-- Comparación de eficiencia

-- =========================

-- La comparación es

-- λ> length (clausura1 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` 800) [0])

-- 800

-- (1.95 secs, 213,481,560 bytes)

-- λ> length (clausura2 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` 800) [0])

-- 800

-- (1.96 secs, 213,372,824 bytes)

-- λ> length (clausura3 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` 800) [0])

-- 800

-- (0.03 secs, 42,055,128 bytes)

-- λ> length (clausura4 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` 800) [0])

-- 800

-- (0.01 secs, 1,779,768 bytes)

-- λ> length (clausura3 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` (10^4)) [0])

-- 10000

-- (2.50 secs, 8,080,105,816 bytes)

-- λ> length (clausura4 (\x -> (x+1) `mod` (10^4)) [0])

-- 10000

-- (0.05 secs, 27,186,920 bytes)

El código se encuentra en GitHub.

La elaboración de las soluciones se describe en el siguiente vídeo

Diferencia simétrica

PorJosé A. Alonso 29-marzo-20225-abril-2022

La diferencia simétrica de dos conjuntos es el conjunto cuyos elementos son aquellos que pertenecen a alguno de los conjuntos iniciales, sin pertenecer a ambos a la vez. Por ejemplo, la diferencia simétrica de {2,5,3} y {4,2,3,7} es {5,4,7}.

Definir la función

   diferenciaSimetrica :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]

1	diferenciaSimetrica :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]

tal que (diferenciaSimetrica xs ys) es la diferencia simétrica de xs e ys. Por ejemplo,

   diferenciaSimetrica [2,5,3] [4,2,3,7]    ==  [4,5,7]
   diferenciaSimetrica [2,5,3] [5,2,3]      ==  []
   diferenciaSimetrica [2,5,2] [4,2,3,7]    ==  [3,4,5,7]
   diferenciaSimetrica [2,5,2] [4,2,4,7]    ==  [4,5,7]
   diferenciaSimetrica [2,5,2,4] [4,2,4,7]  ==  [5,7]

diferenciaSimetrica [2,5,3] [4,2,3,7] == [4,5,7]

diferenciaSimetrica [2,5,3] [5,2,3] == []

diferenciaSimetrica [2,5,2] [4,2,3,7] == [3,4,5,7]

diferenciaSimetrica [2,5,2] [4,2,4,7] == [4,5,7]

diferenciaSimetrica [2,5,2,4] [4,2,4,7] == [5,7]

Soluciones

import Test.QuickCheck
import Data.List ((\\), intersect, nub, sort, union)
import qualified Data.Set as S

-- 1ª solución
-- ===========

diferenciaSimetrica1 :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]
diferenciaSimetrica1 xs ys =
  sort (nub ([x | x <- xs, x `notElem` ys] ++ [y | y <- ys, y `notElem` xs]))

-- 2ª solución
-- ===========

diferenciaSimetrica2 :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]
diferenciaSimetrica2 xs ys =
  sort (nub (filter (`notElem` ys) xs ++ filter (`notElem` xs) ys))

-- 3ª solución
-- ===========

diferenciaSimetrica3 :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]
diferenciaSimetrica3 xs ys =
  sort (nub (union xs ys \\ intersect xs ys))

-- 4ª solución
-- ===========

diferenciaSimetrica4 :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]
diferenciaSimetrica4 xs ys =
  [x | x <- sort (nub (xs ++ ys))
     , x `notElem` xs || x `notElem` ys]

-- 5ª solución
-- ===========

diferenciaSimetrica5 :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]
diferenciaSimetrica5 xs ys =
  S.elems ((xs' `S.union` ys') `S.difference` (xs' `S.intersection` ys'))
  where xs' = S.fromList xs
        ys' = S.fromList ys

-- Comprobación de equivalencia
-- ============================

-- La propiedad es
prop_diferenciaSimetrica :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool
prop_diferenciaSimetrica xs ys =
  all (== diferenciaSimetrica1 xs ys)
      [diferenciaSimetrica2 xs ys,
       diferenciaSimetrica3 xs ys,
       diferenciaSimetrica4 xs ys,
       diferenciaSimetrica5 xs ys]

-- La comprobación es
--    λ> quickCheck prop_diferenciaSimetrica
--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

-- Comparación de eficiencia
-- =========================

-- La comparación es
--    λ> length (diferenciaSimetrica1 [1..2*10^4] [2,4..2*10^4])
--    10000
--    (2.34 secs, 10,014,360 bytes)
--    λ> length (diferenciaSimetrica2 [1..2*10^4] [2,4..2*10^4])
--    10000
--    (2.41 secs, 8,174,264 bytes)
--    λ> length (diferenciaSimetrica3 [1..2*10^4] [2,4..2*10^4])
--    10000
--    (5.84 secs, 10,232,006,288 bytes)
--    λ> length (diferenciaSimetrica4 [1..2*10^4] [2,4..2*10^4])
--    10000
--    (5.83 secs, 14,814,184 bytes)
--    λ> length (diferenciaSimetrica5 [1..2*10^4] [2,4..2*10^4])
--    10000
--    (0.02 secs, 7,253,496 bytes)

import Test.QuickCheck

import Data.List ((\\), intersect, nub, sort, union)

import qualified Data.Set as S

-- 1ª solución

-- ===========

diferenciaSimetrica1 :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]

diferenciaSimetrica1 xs ys =

sort (nub ([x | x <- xs, x `notElem` ys] ++ [y | y <- ys, y `notElem` xs]))

-- 2ª solución

-- ===========

diferenciaSimetrica2 :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]

diferenciaSimetrica2 xs ys =

sort (nub (filter (`notElem` ys) xs ++ filter (`notElem` xs) ys))

-- 3ª solución

-- ===========

diferenciaSimetrica3 :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]

diferenciaSimetrica3 xs ys =

sort (nub (union xs ys \\ intersect xs ys))

-- 4ª solución

-- ===========

diferenciaSimetrica4 :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]

diferenciaSimetrica4 xs ys =

[x | x <- sort (nub (xs ++ ys))

, x `notElem` xs || x `notElem` ys]

-- 5ª solución

-- ===========

diferenciaSimetrica5 :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> [a]

diferenciaSimetrica5 xs ys =

S.elems ((xs' `S.union` ys') `S.difference` (xs' `S.intersection` ys'))

where xs' = S.fromList xs

ys' = S.fromList ys

-- Comprobación de equivalencia

-- ============================

-- La propiedad es

prop_diferenciaSimetrica :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool

prop_diferenciaSimetrica xs ys =

all (== diferenciaSimetrica1 xs ys)

[diferenciaSimetrica2 xs ys,

diferenciaSimetrica3 xs ys,

diferenciaSimetrica4 xs ys,

diferenciaSimetrica5 xs ys]

-- La comprobación es

-- λ> quickCheck prop_diferenciaSimetrica

-- +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

-- Comparación de eficiencia

-- =========================

-- La comparación es

-- λ> length (diferenciaSimetrica1 [1..2*10^4] [2,4..2*10^4])

-- 10000

-- (2.34 secs, 10,014,360 bytes)

-- λ> length (diferenciaSimetrica2 [1..2*10^4] [2,4..2*10^4])

-- 10000

-- (2.41 secs, 8,174,264 bytes)

-- λ> length (diferenciaSimetrica3 [1..2*10^4] [2,4..2*10^4])

-- 10000

-- (5.84 secs, 10,232,006,288 bytes)

-- λ> length (diferenciaSimetrica4 [1..2*10^4] [2,4..2*10^4])

-- 10000

-- (5.83 secs, 14,814,184 bytes)

-- λ> length (diferenciaSimetrica5 [1..2*10^4] [2,4..2*10^4])

-- 10000

-- (0.02 secs, 7,253,496 bytes)

El código se encuentra en GitHub.

La elaboración de las soluciones se describe en el siguiente vídeo

Nuevas soluciones

En los comentarios se pueden escribir nuevas soluciones.
El código se debe escribir entre una línea con <pre lang="haskell"> y otra con </pre>

El problema de las celebridades

PorJosé A. Alonso 15-mayo-201822-mayo-2018

La celebridad de una reunión es una persona al que todos conocen pero que no conoce a nadie. Por ejemplo, si en la reunión hay tres personas tales que la 1 conoce a la 3 y la 2 conoce a la 1 y a la 3, entonces la celebridad de la reunión es la 3.

La relación de conocimiento se puede representar mediante una lista de pares (x,y) indicando que x conoce a y. Por ejemplo, la reunión anterior se puede representar por [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3)].

Definir la función

   celebridad :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a

1	celebridad :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a

tal que (celebridad r) es el justo la celebridad de r, si en r hay una celebridad y Nothing, en caso contrario. Por ejemplo,

   celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3)]            ==  Just 3
   celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(3,2)]            ==  Nothing
   celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3),(3,1)]      ==  Nothing
   celebridad [(x,1) | x <- [2..10^6]]       ==  Just 1
   celebridad [(x,10^6) | x <- [1..10^6-1]]  ==  Just 1000000

celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3)] == Just 3

celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(3,2)] == Nothing

celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3),(3,1)] == Nothing

celebridad [(x,1) | x <- [2..10^6]] == Just 1

celebridad [(x,10^6) | x <- [1..10^6-1]] == Just 1000000

Soluciones

import Data.List (delete, nub)
import Data.Maybe (listToMaybe)
import qualified Data.Set as S

-- 1ª solución
-- ===========

celebridad1 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a
celebridad1 r =
  listToMaybe [x | x <- personas r, esCelebridad r x]

personas :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> [a]
personas r =
  nub (map fst r ++ map snd r)

esCelebridad :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> a -> Bool
esCelebridad r x =
     [y | y <- ys, (y,x) `elem` r] == ys
  && null [y | y <- ys, (x,y) `elem` r]
  where ys = delete x (personas r)

-- 2ª solución
-- ===========

celebridad2 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a
celebridad2 r =
  listToMaybe [x | x <- personas2 c, esCelebridad2 c x]
  where c = S.fromList r

--    λ> personas2 (S.fromList [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3)])
--    [1,2,3]
personas2 :: Ord a => S.Set (a,a) -> [a]
personas2 c =
  S.toList (S.map fst c `S.union` S.map snd c)

esCelebridad2 :: Ord a => S.Set (a,a) -> a -> Bool
esCelebridad2 c x = 
      [y | y <- ys, (y,x) `S.member` c] == ys
   && null [y | y <- ys, (x,y) `S.member` c]
   where ys = delete x (personas2 c)

-- 3ª definición
-- =============

celebridad3 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a
celebridad3 r
  | S.null candidatos = Nothing
  | esCelebridad      = Just candidato
  | otherwise         = Nothing
  where
    conjunto          = S.fromList r
    dominio           = S.map fst conjunto
    rango             = S.map snd conjunto
    total             = dominio `S.union` rango
    candidatos        = rango `S.difference` dominio
    candidato         = S.findMin candidatos
    noCandidatos      = S.delete candidato total
    esCelebridad      =
      S.filter (\x -> (x,candidato) `S.member` conjunto) total == noCandidatos
     
-- Comparación de eficiencia
-- =========================

--    λ> celebridad1 [(x,1) | x <- [2..300]]
--    Just 1
--    (2.70 secs, 38,763,888 bytes)
--    λ> celebridad2 [(x,1) | x <- [2..300]]
--    Just 1
--    (0.01 secs, 0 bytes)
-- 
--    λ> celebridad2 [(x,1000) | x <- [1..999]]
--    Just 1000
--    (2.23 secs, 483,704,224 bytes)
--    λ> celebridad3 [(x,1000) | x <- [1..999]]
--    Just 1000
--    (0.02 secs, 0 bytes)
-- 
--    λ> celebridad3 [(x,10^6) | x <- [1..10^6-1]]
--    Just 1000000
--    (9.56 secs, 1,572,841,088 bytes)
--    λ> celebridad3 [(x,1) | x <- [2..10^6]]
--    Just 1
--    (6.17 secs, 696,513,320 bytes)

import Data.List (delete, nub)

import Data.Maybe (listToMaybe)

import qualified Data.Set as S

-- 1ª solución

-- ===========

celebridad1 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a

celebridad1 r =

listToMaybe [x | x <- personas r, esCelebridad r x]

personas :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> [a]

personas r =

nub (map fst r ++ map snd r)

esCelebridad :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> a -> Bool

esCelebridad r x =

[y | y <- ys, (y,x) `elem` r] == ys

&& null [y | y <- ys, (x,y) `elem` r]

where ys = delete x (personas r)

-- 2ª solución

-- ===========

celebridad2 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a

celebridad2 r =

listToMaybe [x | x <- personas2 c, esCelebridad2 c x]

where c = S.fromList r

-- λ> personas2 (S.fromList [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3)])

-- [1,2,3]

personas2 :: Ord a => S.Set (a,a) -> [a]

personas2 c =

S.toList (S.map fst c `S.union` S.map snd c)

esCelebridad2 :: Ord a => S.Set (a,a) -> a -> Bool

esCelebridad2 c x =

[y | y <- ys, (y,x) `S.member` c] == ys

&& null [y | y <- ys, (x,y) `S.member` c]

where ys = delete x (personas2 c)

-- 3ª definición

-- =============

celebridad3 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a

celebridad3 r

| S.null candidatos = Nothing

| esCelebridad = Just candidato

| otherwise = Nothing

where

conjunto = S.fromList r

dominio = S.map fst conjunto

rango = S.map snd conjunto

total = dominio `S.union` rango

candidatos = rango `S.difference` dominio

candidato = S.findMin candidatos

noCandidatos = S.delete candidato total

esCelebridad =

S.filter (\x -> (x,candidato) `S.member` conjunto) total == noCandidatos

-- Comparación de eficiencia

-- =========================

-- λ> celebridad1 [(x,1) | x <- [2..300]]

-- Just 1

-- (2.70 secs, 38,763,888 bytes)

-- λ> celebridad2 [(x,1) | x <- [2..300]]

-- Just 1

-- (0.01 secs, 0 bytes)

-- λ> celebridad2 [(x,1000) | x <- [1..999]]

-- Just 1000

-- (2.23 secs, 483,704,224 bytes)

-- λ> celebridad3 [(x,1000) | x <- [1..999]]

-- Just 1000

-- (0.02 secs, 0 bytes)

-- λ> celebridad3 [(x,10^6) | x <- [1..10^6-1]]

-- Just 1000000

-- (9.56 secs, 1,572,841,088 bytes)

-- λ> celebridad3 [(x,1) | x <- [2..10^6]]

-- Just 1

-- (6.17 secs, 696,513,320 bytes)

El problema de las celebridades

PorJosé A. Alonso 9-mayo-201725-abril-2021

La relación de conocimiento se puede representar mediante una lista de pares (x,y) indicando que x conoce a y. Por ejemplo, ka reunioń anterior se puede representar por [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3)].

Definir la función

   celebridad :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a

1	celebridad :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a

tal que (celebridad r) es el justo la celebridad de r, si en r hay una celebridad y Nothing, en caso contrario. Por ejemplo,

   celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3)]            ==  Just 3
   celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(3,2)]            ==  Nothing
   celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3),(3,1)]      ==  Nothing
   celebridad [(x,1) | x <- [2..10^6]]       ==  Just 1
   celebridad [(x,10^6) | x <- [1..10^6-1]]  ==  Just 1000000

celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3)] == Just 3

celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(3,2)] == Nothing

celebridad [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3),(3,1)] == Nothing

celebridad [(x,1) | x <- [2..10^6]] == Just 1

celebridad [(x,10^6) | x <- [1..10^6-1]] == Just 1000000

Soluciones

[schedule expon=’2017-05-16′ expat=»06:00″]

Las soluciones se pueden escribir en los comentarios hasta el 16 de mayo.
El código se debe escribir entre una línea con <pre lang=»haskell»> y otra con </pre>

[/schedule]

[schedule on=’2017-05-16′ at=»06:00″]

import Data.List (delete, nub)
import Data.Maybe (listToMaybe)
import qualified Data.Set as S

-- 1ª solución
-- ===========

celebridad1 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a
celebridad1 r =
  listToMaybe [x | x <- personas r, esCelebridad r x]

personas :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> [a]
personas r =
  nub (map fst r ++ map snd r)

esCelebridad :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> a -> Bool
esCelebridad r x =
     [y | y <- ys, (y,x) `elem` r] == ys
  && null [y | y <- ys, (x,y) `elem` r]
  where ys = delete x (personas r)

-- 2ª solución
-- ===========

celebridad2 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a
celebridad2 r =
  listToMaybe [x | x <- personas2 c, esCelebridad2 c x]
  where c = S.fromList r

--    λ> personas2 (S.fromList [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3)])
--    [1,2,3]
personas2 :: Ord a => S.Set (a,a) -> [a]
personas2 c =
  S.toList (S.map fst c `S.union` S.map snd c)

esCelebridad2 :: Ord a => S.Set (a,a) -> a -> Bool
esCelebridad2 c x = 
      [y | y <- ys, (y,x) `S.member` c] == ys
   && null [y | y <- ys, (x,y) `S.member` c]
   where ys = delete x (personas2 c)

-- 3ª definición
-- =============

celebridad3 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a
celebridad3 r
  | S.null candidatos = Nothing
  | esCelebridad      = Just candidato
  | otherwise         = Nothing
  where
    conjunto          = S.fromList r
    dominio           = S.map fst conjunto
    rango             = S.map snd conjunto
    total             = dominio `S.union` rango
    candidatos        = rango `S.difference` dominio
    candidato         = S.findMin candidatos
    noCandidatos      = S.delete candidato total
    esCelebridad      =
      S.filter (\x -> (x,candidato) `S.member` conjunto) total == noCandidatos
     
-- Comparación de eficiencia
-- =========================

--    λ> celebridad1 [(x,1) | x <- [2..300]]
--    Just 1
--    (2.70 secs, 38,763,888 bytes)
--    λ> celebridad2 [(x,1) | x <- [2..300]]
--    Just 1
--    (0.01 secs, 0 bytes)
-- 
--    λ> celebridad2 [(x,1000) | x <- [1..999]]
--    Just 1000
--    (2.23 secs, 483,704,224 bytes)
--    λ> celebridad3 [(x,1000) | x <- [1..999]]
--    Just 1000
--    (0.02 secs, 0 bytes)
-- 
--    λ> celebridad3 [(x,10^6) | x <- [1..10^6-1]]
--    Just 1000000
--    (9.56 secs, 1,572,841,088 bytes)
--    λ> celebridad3 [(x,1) | x <- [2..10^6]]
--    Just 1
--    (6.17 secs, 696,513,320 bytes)

import Data.List (delete, nub)

import Data.Maybe (listToMaybe)

import qualified Data.Set as S

-- 1ª solución

-- ===========

celebridad1 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a

celebridad1 r =

listToMaybe [x | x <- personas r, esCelebridad r x]

personas :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> [a]

personas r =

nub (map fst r ++ map snd r)

esCelebridad :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> a -> Bool

esCelebridad r x =

[y | y <- ys, (y,x) `elem` r] == ys

&& null [y | y <- ys, (x,y) `elem` r]

where ys = delete x (personas r)

-- 2ª solución

-- ===========

celebridad2 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a

celebridad2 r =

listToMaybe [x | x <- personas2 c, esCelebridad2 c x]

where c = S.fromList r

-- λ> personas2 (S.fromList [(1,3),(2,1),(2,3)])

-- [1,2,3]

personas2 :: Ord a => S.Set (a,a) -> [a]

personas2 c =

S.toList (S.map fst c `S.union` S.map snd c)

esCelebridad2 :: Ord a => S.Set (a,a) -> a -> Bool

esCelebridad2 c x =

[y | y <- ys, (y,x) `S.member` c] == ys

&& null [y | y <- ys, (x,y) `S.member` c]

where ys = delete x (personas2 c)

-- 3ª definición

-- =============

celebridad3 :: Ord a => [(a,a)] -> Maybe a

celebridad3 r

| S.null candidatos = Nothing

| esCelebridad = Just candidato

| otherwise = Nothing

where

conjunto = S.fromList r

dominio = S.map fst conjunto

rango = S.map snd conjunto

total = dominio `S.union` rango

candidatos = rango `S.difference` dominio

candidato = S.findMin candidatos

noCandidatos = S.delete candidato total

esCelebridad =

S.filter (\x -> (x,candidato) `S.member` conjunto) total == noCandidatos

-- Comparación de eficiencia

-- =========================

-- λ> celebridad1 [(x,1) | x <- [2..300]]

-- Just 1

-- (2.70 secs, 38,763,888 bytes)

-- λ> celebridad2 [(x,1) | x <- [2..300]]

-- Just 1

-- (0.01 secs, 0 bytes)

-- λ> celebridad2 [(x,1000) | x <- [1..999]]

-- Just 1000

-- (2.23 secs, 483,704,224 bytes)

-- λ> celebridad3 [(x,1000) | x <- [1..999]]

-- Just 1000

-- (0.02 secs, 0 bytes)

-- λ> celebridad3 [(x,10^6) | x <- [1..10^6-1]]

-- Just 1000000

-- (9.56 secs, 1,572,841,088 bytes)

-- λ> celebridad3 [(x,1) | x <- [2..10^6]]

-- Just 1

-- (6.17 secs, 696,513,320 bytes)

[/schedule]

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