member

Índices de valores verdaderos

PorJosé A. Alonso 12-abril-202211-abril-2022

Definir la función

   indicesVerdaderos :: [Int] -> [Bool]

1	indicesVerdaderos :: [Int] -> [Bool]

tal que (indicesVerdaderos xs) es la lista infinita de booleanos tal que sólo son verdaderos los elementos cuyos índices pertenecen a la lista estrictamente creciente xs. Por ejemplo,

   λ> take 6 (indicesVerdaderos [1,4])
   [False,True,False,False,True,False]
   λ> take 6 (indicesVerdaderos [0,2..])
   [True,False,True,False,True,False]
   λ> take 3 (indicesVerdaderos [])
   [False,False,False]
   λ> take 6 (indicesVerdaderos [1..])
   [False,True,True,True,True,True]
   λ> last (take (8*10^7) (indicesVerdaderos [0,5..]))
   False

λ> take 6 (indicesVerdaderos [1,4])

[False,True,False,False,True,False]

λ> take 6 (indicesVerdaderos [0,2..])

[True,False,True,False,True,False]

λ> take 3 (indicesVerdaderos [])

[False,False,False]

λ> take 6 (indicesVerdaderos [1..])

[False,True,True,True,True,True]

λ> last (take (8*10^7) (indicesVerdaderos [0,5..]))

False

Soluciones

[schedule expon=’2022-04-19′ expat=»06:00″]

Las soluciones se pueden escribir en los comentarios.
El código se debe escribir entre una línea con <pre lang="haskell"> y otra con </pre>

[/schedule]

[schedule on=’2022-04-19′ at=»06:00″]

import Data.List.Ordered (member)
import Test.QuickCheck

-- 1ª solución
-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos1 :: [Int] -> [Bool]
indicesVerdaderos1 []     = repeat False
indicesVerdaderos1 (x:ys) =
  replicate x False ++ [True] ++ indicesVerdaderos1 [y-x-1 | y <- ys]

-- 2ª solución
-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos2 :: [Int] -> [Bool]
indicesVerdaderos2 = aux 0
  where aux _ []     = repeat False
        aux n (x:xs) | x == n    = True  : aux (n+1) xs
                     | otherwise = False : aux (n+1) (x:xs)

-- 3ª solución
-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos3 :: [Int] -> [Bool]
indicesVerdaderos3 = aux [0..]
  where aux _      []                 = repeat False
        aux (i:is) (x:xs) | i == x    = True  : aux is xs
                          | otherwise = False : aux is (x:xs)

-- 4ª solución
-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos4 :: [Int] -> [Bool]
indicesVerdaderos4 xs = [pertenece x xs | x <- [0..]]

-- (pertenece x ys) se verifica si x pertenece a la lista estrictamente
-- creciente (posiblemente infinita) ys. Por ejemplo,
--    pertenece 9 [1,3..]  ==  True
--    pertenece 6 [1,3..]  ==  False
pertenece :: Int -> [Int] -> Bool
pertenece x ys = x `elem` takeWhile (<=x) ys

-- 5ª solución
-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos5 :: [Int] -> [Bool]
indicesVerdaderos5 xs = map (`pertenece2` xs) [0..]

pertenece2 :: Int -> [Int] -> Bool
pertenece2 x = aux
  where aux [] = False
        aux (y:ys) = case compare x y of
                       LT -> False
                       EQ -> True
                       GT -> aux ys

-- 6ª solución
-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos6 :: [Int] -> [Bool]
indicesVerdaderos6 xs = map (`member` xs) [0..]

-- Comprobación de equivalencia
-- ============================

-- ListaCreciente es un tipo de dato para generar lista de enteros
-- crecientes arbitrarias.
newtype ListaCreciente = LC [Int]
  deriving Show

-- listaCrecienteArbitraria es un generador de lista de enteros
-- crecientes arbitrarias. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> sample listaCrecienteArbitraria
--    LC []
--    LC [2,5]
--    LC [4,8]
--    LC [6,13]
--    LC [7,15,20,28,33]
--    LC [11,15,20,29,35,40]
--    LC [5,17,25,36,42,50,52,64]
--    LC [9,16,31,33,46,59,74,83,85,89,104,113,118]
--    LC [9,22,29,35,37,49,53,62,68,77,83,100]
--    LC []
--    LC [3,22,25,34,36,51,72,75,89]
listaCrecienteArbitraria :: Gen ListaCreciente
listaCrecienteArbitraria = do
  xs <- arbitrary
  return (LC (listaCreciente xs))

-- (listaCreciente xs) es la lista creciente correspondiente a xs. Por ejemplo,
--    listaCreciente [-1,3,-4,3,0]   ==  [2,6,11,15,16]
listaCreciente :: [Int] -> [Int]
listaCreciente xs =
  scanl1 (+) (map (succ . abs) xs)

-- ListaCreciente está contenida en Arbitrary
instance Arbitrary ListaCreciente where
  arbitrary = listaCrecienteArbitraria

-- La propiedad es
prop_indicesVerdaderos :: ListaCreciente -> Bool
prop_indicesVerdaderos (LC xs) =
  all (== take n (indicesVerdaderos1 xs))
      [take n (f xs) | f <-[indicesVerdaderos2,
                            indicesVerdaderos3,
                            indicesVerdaderos4,
                            indicesVerdaderos5,
                            indicesVerdaderos6]]
  where n = length xs

-- La comprobación es
--    λ> quickCheck prop_indicesVerdaderos
--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

-- Comparación de eficiencia
-- =========================

-- La comparación es
--    λ> last (take (2*10^4) (indicesVerdaderos1 [0,5..]))
--    False
--    (2.69 secs, 2,611,031,544 bytes)
--    λ> last (take (2*10^4) (indicesVerdaderos2 [0,5..]))
--    False
--    (0.03 secs, 10,228,880 bytes)
--
--    λ> last (take (4*10^6) (indicesVerdaderos2 [0,5..]))
--    False
--    (2.37 secs, 1,946,100,856 bytes)
--    λ> last (take (4*10^6) (indicesVerdaderos3 [0,5..]))
--    False
--    (1.54 secs, 1,434,100,984 bytes)
--
--    λ> last (take (6*10^6) (indicesVerdaderos3 [0,5..]))
--    False
--    (2.30 secs, 2,150,900,984 bytes)
--    λ> last (take (6*10^6) (indicesVerdaderos4 [0,5..]))
--    False
--    (1.55 secs, 1,651,701,184 bytes)
--    λ> last (take (6*10^6) (indicesVerdaderos5 [0,5..]))
--    False
--    (0.58 secs, 1,584,514,304 bytes)
--
--    λ> last (take (3*10^7) (indicesVerdaderos5 [0,5..]))
--    False
--    (2.74 secs, 7,920,514,360 bytes)
--    λ> last (take (3*10^7) (indicesVerdaderos6 [0,5..]))
--    False
--    (0.82 secs, 6,960,514,136 bytes)

--    λ> last (take (2*10^4) (indicesVerdaderos1 [0,5..]))
--    False
--    (2.69 secs, 2,611,031,544 bytes)
--    λ> last (take (2*10^4) (indicesVerdaderos6 [0,5..]))
--    False
--    (0.01 secs, 5,154,040 bytes)

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import Data.List.Ordered (member)

import Test.QuickCheck

-- 1ª solución

-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos1 :: [Int] -> [Bool]

indicesVerdaderos1 [] = repeat False

indicesVerdaderos1 (x:ys) =

replicate x False ++ [True] ++ indicesVerdaderos1 [y-x-1 | y <- ys]

-- 2ª solución

-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos2 :: [Int] -> [Bool]

indicesVerdaderos2 = aux 0

where aux _ [] = repeat False

aux n (x:xs) | x == n = True : aux (n+1) xs

| otherwise = False : aux (n+1) (x:xs)

-- 3ª solución

-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos3 :: [Int] -> [Bool]

indicesVerdaderos3 = aux [0..]

where aux _ [] = repeat False

aux (i:is) (x:xs) | i == x = True : aux is xs

| otherwise = False : aux is (x:xs)

-- 4ª solución

-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos4 :: [Int] -> [Bool]

indicesVerdaderos4 xs = [pertenece x xs | x <- [0..]]

-- (pertenece x ys) se verifica si x pertenece a la lista estrictamente

-- creciente (posiblemente infinita) ys. Por ejemplo,

-- pertenece 9 [1,3..] == True

-- pertenece 6 [1,3..] == False

pertenece :: Int -> [Int] -> Bool

pertenece x ys = x `elem` takeWhile (<=x) ys

-- 5ª solución

-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos5 :: [Int] -> [Bool]

indicesVerdaderos5 xs = map (`pertenece2` xs) [0..]

pertenece2 :: Int -> [Int] -> Bool

pertenece2 x = aux

where aux [] = False

aux (y:ys) = case compare x y of

LT -> False

EQ -> True

GT -> aux ys

-- 6ª solución

-- ===========

indicesVerdaderos6 :: [Int] -> [Bool]

indicesVerdaderos6 xs = map (`member` xs) [0..]

-- Comprobación de equivalencia

-- ============================

-- ListaCreciente es un tipo de dato para generar lista de enteros

-- crecientes arbitrarias.

newtype ListaCreciente = LC [Int]

deriving Show

-- listaCrecienteArbitraria es un generador de lista de enteros

-- crecientes arbitrarias. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> sample listaCrecienteArbitraria

-- LC []

-- LC [2,5]

-- LC [4,8]

-- LC [6,13]

-- LC [7,15,20,28,33]

-- LC [11,15,20,29,35,40]

-- LC [5,17,25,36,42,50,52,64]

-- LC [9,16,31,33,46,59,74,83,85,89,104,113,118]

-- LC [9,22,29,35,37,49,53,62,68,77,83,100]

-- LC []

-- LC [3,22,25,34,36,51,72,75,89]

listaCrecienteArbitraria :: Gen ListaCreciente

listaCrecienteArbitraria = do

xs <- arbitrary

return (LC (listaCreciente xs))

-- (listaCreciente xs) es la lista creciente correspondiente a xs. Por ejemplo,

-- listaCreciente [-1,3,-4,3,0] == [2,6,11,15,16]

listaCreciente :: [Int] -> [Int]

listaCreciente xs =

scanl1 (+) (map (succ . abs) xs)

-- ListaCreciente está contenida en Arbitrary

instance Arbitrary ListaCreciente where

arbitrary = listaCrecienteArbitraria

-- La propiedad es

prop_indicesVerdaderos :: ListaCreciente -> Bool

prop_indicesVerdaderos (LC xs) =

all (== take n (indicesVerdaderos1 xs))

[take n (f xs) | f <-[indicesVerdaderos2,

indicesVerdaderos3,

indicesVerdaderos4,

indicesVerdaderos5,

indicesVerdaderos6]]

where n = length xs

-- La comprobación es

-- λ> quickCheck prop_indicesVerdaderos

-- +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

-- Comparación de eficiencia

-- =========================

-- La comparación es

-- λ> last (take (2*10^4) (indicesVerdaderos1 [0,5..]))

-- False

-- (2.69 secs, 2,611,031,544 bytes)

-- λ> last (take (2*10^4) (indicesVerdaderos2 [0,5..]))

-- False

-- (0.03 secs, 10,228,880 bytes)

-- λ> last (take (4*10^6) (indicesVerdaderos2 [0,5..]))

-- False

-- (2.37 secs, 1,946,100,856 bytes)

-- λ> last (take (4*10^6) (indicesVerdaderos3 [0,5..]))

-- False

-- (1.54 secs, 1,434,100,984 bytes)

-- λ> last (take (6*10^6) (indicesVerdaderos3 [0,5..]))

-- False

-- (2.30 secs, 2,150,900,984 bytes)

-- λ> last (take (6*10^6) (indicesVerdaderos4 [0,5..]))

-- False

-- (1.55 secs, 1,651,701,184 bytes)

-- λ> last (take (6*10^6) (indicesVerdaderos5 [0,5..]))

-- False

-- (0.58 secs, 1,584,514,304 bytes)

-- λ> last (take (3*10^7) (indicesVerdaderos5 [0,5..]))

-- False

-- (2.74 secs, 7,920,514,360 bytes)

-- λ> last (take (3*10^7) (indicesVerdaderos6 [0,5..]))

-- False

-- (0.82 secs, 6,960,514,136 bytes)

-- λ> last (take (2*10^4) (indicesVerdaderos1 [0,5..]))

-- False

-- (2.69 secs, 2,611,031,544 bytes)

-- λ> last (take (2*10^4) (indicesVerdaderos6 [0,5..]))

-- False

-- (0.01 secs, 5,154,040 bytes)

El código se encuentra en [GitHub](https://github.com/jaalonso/Exercitium/blob/main/src/Indices_verdaderos.hs).

La elaboración de las soluciones se describe en el siguiente vídeo

Nuevas soluciones

En los comentarios se pueden escribir nuevas soluciones.
El código se debe escribir entre una línea con <pre lang="haskell"> y otra con </pre>

[/schedule]

Conjetura de las familias estables por uniones

PorJosé A. Alonso 24-abril-20201-mayo-2020

La conjetura de las familias estables por uniones fue planteada por Péter Frankl en 1979 y aún sigue abierta.

Una familia de conjuntos es estable por uniones si la unión de dos conjuntos cualesquiera de la familia pertenece a la familia. Por ejemplo, {∅, {1}, {2}, {1,2}, {1,3}, {1,2,3}} es estable por uniones; pero {{1}, {2}, {1,3}, {1,2,3}} no lo es.

La conjetura afirma que toda familia no vacía estable por uniones y distinta de {∅} posee algún elemento que pertenece al menos a la mitad de los conjuntos de la familia.

Definir las funciones

   esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool
   familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))
   mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]
   conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool

esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool

familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))

mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]

conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool

tales que

(esEstable f) se verifica si la familia f es estable por uniones. Por ejemplo,

     λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [1..5]])
     True
     λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,7], fromList [1..5]])
     False
     λ> esEstable (fromList [fromList [1,2], singleton 3, fromList [1..3]])
     True

λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [1..5]])

True

λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,7], fromList [1..5]])

False

λ> esEstable (fromList [fromList [1,2], singleton 3, fromList [1..3]])

True

(familiasEstables c) es el conjunto de las familias estables por uniones formadas por elementos del conjunto c. Por ejemplo,

     λ> familiasEstables (fromList [1..2])
     fromList
       [ fromList []
       , fromList [fromList []]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]],
         fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1]]
       , fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1,2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [2]]]
     λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1,2]))
     14
     λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..3]))
     122
     λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..4]))
     4960

λ> familiasEstables (fromList [1..2])

fromList

[ fromList []

, fromList [fromList []]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]],

fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [1]]

, fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]

, fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [1,2]]

, fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [2]]]

λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1,2]))

λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..3]))

122

λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..4]))

4960

(mayoritarios f) es la lista de elementos que pertenecen al menos a la mitad de los conjuntos de la familia f. Por ejemplo,

     mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) == [3]
     mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [4,5]]) == []

1 2	mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) == [3] mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [4,5]]) == []

(conjeturaFrankl n) se verifica si para toda familia f formada por elementos del conjunto {1,2,…,n} no vacía, estable por uniones y distinta de {∅} posee algún elemento que pertenece al menos a la mitad de los conjuntos de f. Por ejemplo.

     conjeturaFrankl 2  ==  True
     conjeturaFrankl 3  ==  True
     conjeturaFrankl 4  ==  True

conjeturaFrankl 2 == True

conjeturaFrankl 3 == True

conjeturaFrankl 4 == True

Soluciones

import Data.Set  as S ( Set
                      , delete
                      , deleteFindMin
                      , empty
                      , filter
                      , fromList
                      , insert
                      , map
                      , member
                      , null
                      , singleton
                      , size
                      , toList
                      , union
                      , unions
                      )
import Data.List as L ( filter
                      , null
                      )

esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool
esEstable xss =
  and [ys `S.union` zs `member` xss | (ys,yss) <- selecciones xss
                                    , zs <- toList yss]

-- (seleccciones xs) es la lista de los pares formada por un elemento de
-- xs y los restantes elementos. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> selecciones (fromList [3,2,5])
--    [(2,fromList [3,5]),(3,fromList [2,5]),(5,fromList [2,3])]
selecciones :: Ord a => Set a -> [(a,Set a)]
selecciones xs =
  [(x,delete x xs) | x <- toList xs] 

familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))
familiasEstables xss =
  S.filter esEstable (familias xss)

-- (familias c) es la familia formadas con elementos de c. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> mapM_ print (familias (fromList [1,2]))
--    fromList []
--    fromList [fromList []]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1]]
--    fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [2]]
--    λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2]))
--    16
--    λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3]))
--    256
--    λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3,4]))
--    65536
familias :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))
familias c =
  subconjuntos (subconjuntos c)

-- (subconjuntos c) es el conjunto de los subconjuntos de c. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> mapM_ print (subconjuntos (fromList [1,2,3]))
--    fromList []
--    fromList [1]
--    fromList [1,2]
--    fromList [1,2,3]
--    fromList [1,3]
--    fromList [2]
--    fromList [2,3]
--    fromList [3]
subconjuntos :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set a)
subconjuntos c
  | S.null c  = singleton empty
  | otherwise = S.map (insert x) sr `union` sr
  where (x,rc) = deleteFindMin c
        sr     = subconjuntos rc

-- (elementosFamilia f) es el conjunto de los elementos de los elementos
-- de la familia f. Por ejemplo, 
--    λ> elementosFamilia (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [2,5]])
--    fromList [1,2,5]
elementosFamilia :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Set a
elementosFamilia = unions . toList

-- (nOcurrencias f x) es el número de conjuntos de la familia f a los
-- que pertenece el elemento x. Por ejemplo,
--    nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 3 == 2
--    nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 4 == 0
--    nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 5 == 1
nOcurrencias :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> a -> Int
nOcurrencias f x =
  length (L.filter (x `member`) (toList f))

mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]
mayoritarios f =
  [x | x <- toList (elementosFamilia f)
     , nOcurrencias f x >= n]
  where n = (1 + size f) `div` 2

conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool
conjeturaFrankl n =
  and [ not (L.null (mayoritarios f))
      | f <- fs
      , f /= fromList []
      , f /= fromList [empty]]
  where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))


-- conjeturaFrankl' :: Int -> Bool
conjeturaFrankl' n =
  [f | f <- fs
     , L.null (mayoritarios f)
     , f /= fromList []
     , f /= fromList [empty]]
  where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))

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import Data.Set as S ( Set

, delete

, deleteFindMin

, empty

, filter

, fromList

, insert

, map

, member

, null

, singleton

, size

, toList

, union

, unions

)

import Data.List as L ( filter

, null

)

esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool

esEstable xss =

and [ys `S.union` zs `member` xss | (ys,yss) <- selecciones xss

, zs <- toList yss]

-- (seleccciones xs) es la lista de los pares formada por un elemento de

-- xs y los restantes elementos. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> selecciones (fromList [3,2,5])

-- [(2,fromList [3,5]),(3,fromList [2,5]),(5,fromList [2,3])]

selecciones :: Ord a => Set a -> [(a,Set a)]

selecciones xs =

[(x,delete x xs) | x <- toList xs]

familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))

familiasEstables xss =

S.filter esEstable (familias xss)

-- (familias c) es la familia formadas con elementos de c. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> mapM_ print (familias (fromList [1,2]))

-- fromList []

-- fromList [fromList []]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1]]

-- fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [2]]

-- λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2]))

-- 16

-- λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3]))

-- 256

-- λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3,4]))

-- 65536

familias :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))

familias c =

subconjuntos (subconjuntos c)

-- (subconjuntos c) es el conjunto de los subconjuntos de c. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> mapM_ print (subconjuntos (fromList [1,2,3]))

-- fromList []

-- fromList [1]

-- fromList [1,2]

-- fromList [1,2,3]

-- fromList [1,3]

-- fromList [2]

-- fromList [2,3]

-- fromList [3]

subconjuntos :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set a)

subconjuntos c

| S.null c = singleton empty

| otherwise = S.map (insert x) sr `union` sr

where (x,rc) = deleteFindMin c

sr = subconjuntos rc

-- (elementosFamilia f) es el conjunto de los elementos de los elementos

-- de la familia f. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> elementosFamilia (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [2,5]])

-- fromList [1,2,5]

elementosFamilia :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Set a

elementosFamilia = unions . toList

-- (nOcurrencias f x) es el número de conjuntos de la familia f a los

-- que pertenece el elemento x. Por ejemplo,

-- nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 3 == 2

-- nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 4 == 0

-- nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 5 == 1

nOcurrencias :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> a -> Int

nOcurrencias f x =

length (L.filter (x `member`) (toList f))

mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]

mayoritarios f =

[x | x <- toList (elementosFamilia f)

, nOcurrencias f x >= n]

where n = (1 + size f) `div` 2

conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool

conjeturaFrankl n =

and [ not (L.null (mayoritarios f))

| f <- fs

, f /= fromList []

, f /= fromList [empty]]

where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))

-- conjeturaFrankl' :: Int -> Bool

conjeturaFrankl' n =

[f | f <- fs

, L.null (mayoritarios f)

, f /= fromList []

, f /= fromList [empty]]

where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))

Otras soluciones

Se pueden escribir otras soluciones en los comentarios.
El código se debe escribir entre una línea con <pre lang="haskell"> y otra con </pre>

Conjetura de las familias estables por uniones

PorJosé A. Alonso 5-abril-201925-abril-2021

La conjetura de las familias estables por uniones fue planteada por Péter Frankl en 1979 y aún sigue abierta.

La conjetura afirma que toda familia no vacía estable por uniones y distinta de {∅} posee algún elemento que pertenece al menos a la mitad de los conjuntos de la familia.

Definir las funciones

   esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool
   familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))
   mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]
   conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool

esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool

familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))

mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]

conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool

tales que

(esEstable f) se verifica si la familia f es estable por uniones. Por ejemplo,

     λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [1..5]])
     True
     λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,7], fromList [1..5]])
     False
     λ> esEstable (fromList [fromList [1,2], singleton 3, fromList [1..3]])
     True

λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [1..5]])

True

λ> esEstable (fromList [empty, fromList [1,7], fromList [1..5]])

False

λ> esEstable (fromList [fromList [1,2], singleton 3, fromList [1..3]])

True

(familiasEstables c) es el conjunto de las familias estables por uniones formadas por elementos del conjunto c. Por ejemplo,

     λ> familiasEstables (fromList [1..2])
     fromList
       [ fromList []
       , fromList [fromList []]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]],
         fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1]]
       , fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1,2]]
       , fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
       , fromList [fromList [2]]]
     λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1,2]))
     14
     λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..3]))
     122
     λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..4]))
     4960

λ> familiasEstables (fromList [1..2])

fromList

[ fromList []

, fromList [fromList []]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]],

fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [1]]

, fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]

, fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [1,2]]

, fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

, fromList [fromList [2]]]

λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1,2]))

λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..3]))

122

λ> size (familiasEstables (fromList [1..4]))

4960

(mayoritarios f) es la lista de elementos que pertenecen al menos a la mitad de los conjuntos de la familia f. Por ejemplo,

     mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) == [3]
     mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [4,5]]) == []

1 2	mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) == [3] mayoritarios (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [4,5]]) == []

(conjeturaFrankl n) se verifica si para toda familia f formada por elementos del conjunto {1,2,…,n} no vacía, estable por uniones y distinta de {∅} posee algún elemento que pertenece al menos a la mitad de los conjuntos de f. Por ejemplo.

     conjeturaFrankl 2  ==  True
     conjeturaFrankl 3  ==  True
     conjeturaFrankl 4  ==  True

conjeturaFrankl 2 == True

conjeturaFrankl 3 == True

conjeturaFrankl 4 == True

Soluciones

import Data.Set  as S ( Set
                      , delete
                      , deleteFindMin
                      , empty
                      , filter
                      , fromList
                      , insert
                      , map
                      , member
                      , null
                      , singleton
                      , size
                      , toList
                      , union
                      , unions
                      )
import Data.List as L ( filter
                      , null
                      )

esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool
esEstable xss =
  and [ys `S.union` zs `member` xss | (ys,yss) <- selecciones xss
                                    , zs <- toList yss]

-- (seleccciones xs) es la lista de los pares formada por un elemento de
-- xs y los restantes elementos. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> selecciones (fromList [3,2,5])
--    [(2,fromList [3,5]),(3,fromList [2,5]),(5,fromList [2,3])]
selecciones :: Ord a => Set a -> [(a,Set a)]
selecciones xs =
  [(x,delete x xs) | x <- toList xs] 

familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))
familiasEstables xss =
  S.filter esEstable (familias xss)

-- (familias c) es la familia formadas con elementos de c. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> mapM_ print (familias (fromList [1,2]))
--    fromList []
--    fromList [fromList []]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1]]
--    fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1,2]]
--    fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]
--    fromList [fromList [2]]
--    λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2]))
--    16
--    λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3]))
--    256
--    λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3,4]))
--    65536
familias :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))
familias c =
  subconjuntos (subconjuntos c)

-- (subconjuntos c) es el conjunto de los subconjuntos de c. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> mapM_ print (subconjuntos (fromList [1,2,3]))
--    fromList []
--    fromList [1]
--    fromList [1,2]
--    fromList [1,2,3]
--    fromList [1,3]
--    fromList [2]
--    fromList [2,3]
--    fromList [3]
subconjuntos :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set a)
subconjuntos c
  | S.null c  = singleton empty
  | otherwise = S.map (insert x) sr `union` sr
  where (x,rc) = deleteFindMin c
        sr     = subconjuntos rc

-- (elementosFamilia f) es el conjunto de los elementos de los elementos
-- de la familia f. Por ejemplo, 
--    λ> elementosFamilia (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [2,5]])
--    fromList [1,2,5]
elementosFamilia :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Set a
elementosFamilia = unions . toList

-- (nOcurrencias f x) es el número de conjuntos de la familia f a los
-- que pertenece el elemento x. Por ejemplo,
--    nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 3 == 2
--    nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 4 == 0
--    nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 5 == 1
nOcurrencias :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> a -> Int
nOcurrencias f x =
  length (L.filter (x `member`) (toList f))

mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]
mayoritarios f =
  [x | x <- toList (elementosFamilia f)
     , nOcurrencias f x >= n]
  where n = (1 + size f) `div` 2

conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool
conjeturaFrankl n =
  and [ not (L.null (mayoritarios f))
      | f <- fs
      , f /= fromList []
      , f /= fromList [empty]]
  where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))


-- conjeturaFrankl' :: Int -> Bool
conjeturaFrankl' n =
  [f | f <- fs
     , L.null (mayoritarios f)
     , f /= fromList []
     , f /= fromList [empty]]
  where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))

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import Data.Set as S ( Set

, delete

, deleteFindMin

, empty

, filter

, fromList

, insert

, map

, member

, null

, singleton

, size

, toList

, union

, unions

)

import Data.List as L ( filter

, null

)

esEstable :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Bool

esEstable xss =

and [ys `S.union` zs `member` xss | (ys,yss) <- selecciones xss

, zs <- toList yss]

-- (seleccciones xs) es la lista de los pares formada por un elemento de

-- xs y los restantes elementos. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> selecciones (fromList [3,2,5])

-- [(2,fromList [3,5]),(3,fromList [2,5]),(5,fromList [2,3])]

selecciones :: Ord a => Set a -> [(a,Set a)]

selecciones xs =

[(x,delete x xs) | x <- toList xs]

familiasEstables :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))

familiasEstables xss =

S.filter esEstable (familias xss)

-- (familias c) es la familia formadas con elementos de c. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> mapM_ print (familias (fromList [1,2]))

-- fromList []

-- fromList [fromList []]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1]]

-- fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1],fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1,2]]

-- fromList [fromList [1,2],fromList [2]]

-- fromList [fromList [2]]

-- λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2]))

-- 16

-- λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3]))

-- 256

-- λ> size (familias (fromList [1,2,3,4]))

-- 65536

familias :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set (Set a))

familias c =

subconjuntos (subconjuntos c)

-- (subconjuntos c) es el conjunto de los subconjuntos de c. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> mapM_ print (subconjuntos (fromList [1,2,3]))

-- fromList []

-- fromList [1]

-- fromList [1,2]

-- fromList [1,2,3]

-- fromList [1,3]

-- fromList [2]

-- fromList [2,3]

-- fromList [3]

subconjuntos :: Ord a => Set a -> Set (Set a)

subconjuntos c

| S.null c = singleton empty

| otherwise = S.map (insert x) sr `union` sr

where (x,rc) = deleteFindMin c

sr = subconjuntos rc

-- (elementosFamilia f) es el conjunto de los elementos de los elementos

-- de la familia f. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> elementosFamilia (fromList [empty, fromList [1,2], fromList [2,5]])

-- fromList [1,2,5]

elementosFamilia :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> Set a

elementosFamilia = unions . toList

-- (nOcurrencias f x) es el número de conjuntos de la familia f a los

-- que pertenece el elemento x. Por ejemplo,

-- nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 3 == 2

-- nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 4 == 0

-- nOcurrencias (fromList [empty, fromList [1,3], fromList [3,5]]) 5 == 1

nOcurrencias :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> a -> Int

nOcurrencias f x =

length (L.filter (x `member`) (toList f))

mayoritarios :: Ord a => Set (Set a) -> [a]

mayoritarios f =

[x | x <- toList (elementosFamilia f)

, nOcurrencias f x >= n]

where n = (1 + size f) `div` 2

conjeturaFrankl :: Int -> Bool

conjeturaFrankl n =

and [ not (L.null (mayoritarios f))

| f <- fs

, f /= fromList []

, f /= fromList [empty]]

where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))

-- conjeturaFrankl' :: Int -> Bool

conjeturaFrankl' n =

[f | f <- fs

, L.null (mayoritarios f)

, f /= fromList []

, f /= fromList [empty]]

where fs = toList (familiasEstables (fromList [1..n]))

Pensamiento

Pero tampoco es razón
desdeñar
consejo que es confesión.

Antonio Machado

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Conjetura de las familias estables por uniones

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Conjetura de las familias estables por uniones

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