liftM2

Producto cartesiano de una familia de conjuntos

PorJosé A. Alonso 27-abril-20221-mayo-2022

Definir la función

   producto :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

1	producto :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

tal que (producto xss) es el producto cartesiano de los conjuntos xss. Por ejemplo,

   λ> producto [[1,3],[2,5]]
   [[1,2],[1,5],[3,2],[3,5]]
   λ> producto [[1,3],[2,5],[6,4]]
   [[1,2,6],[1,2,4],[1,5,6],[1,5,4],[3,2,6],[3,2,4],[3,5,6],[3,5,4]]
   λ> producto [[1,3,5],[2,4]]
   [[1,2],[1,4],[3,2],[3,4],[5,2],[5,4]]
   λ> producto []
   [[]]

λ> producto [[1,3],[2,5]]

[[1,2],[1,5],[3,2],[3,5]]

λ> producto [[1,3],[2,5],[6,4]]

[[1,2,6],[1,2,4],[1,5,6],[1,5,4],[3,2,6],[3,2,4],[3,5,6],[3,5,4]]

λ> producto [[1,3,5],[2,4]]

[[1,2],[1,4],[3,2],[3,4],[5,2],[5,4]]

λ> producto []

[[]]

Comprobar con QuickCheck que para toda lista de listas de números enteros, xss, se verifica que el número de elementos de (producto xss) es igual al producto de los números de elementos de cada una de las listas de xss.

Soluciones

module Producto_cartesiano where

import Test.QuickCheck (quickCheck)
import Control.Monad (liftM2)
import Control.Applicative (liftA2)

-- 1ª solución
-- ===========

producto1 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
producto1 []       = [[]]
producto1 (xs:xss) = [x:ys | x <- xs, ys <- producto1 xss]

-- 2ª solución
-- ===========

producto2 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
producto2 []       = [[]]
producto2 (xs:xss) = [x:ys | x <- xs, ys <- ps]
  where ps = producto2 xss

-- 3ª solución
-- ===========

producto3 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
producto3 []       = [[]]
producto3 (xs:xss) = inserta3 xs (producto3 xss)

-- (inserta xs xss) inserta cada elemento de xs en los elementos de
-- xss. Por ejemplo,
--    λ> inserta [1,2] [[3,4],[5,6]]
--    [[1,3,4],[1,5,6],[2,3,4],[2,5,6]]
inserta3 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]
inserta3 [] _       = []
inserta3 (x:xs) yss = [x:ys | ys <- yss] ++ inserta3 xs yss

-- 4ª solución
-- ===========

producto4 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
producto4 = foldr inserta4 [[]]

inserta4 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]
inserta4 []     _   = []
inserta4 (x:xs) yss = map (x:) yss ++ inserta4 xs yss

-- 5ª solución
-- ===========

producto5 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
producto5 = foldr inserta5 [[]]

inserta5 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]
inserta5 xs yss = [x:ys | x <- xs, ys <- yss]

-- 6ª solución
-- ===========

producto6 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
producto6 = foldr inserta6 [[]]

inserta6 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]
inserta6 xs yss = concatMap (\x -> map (x:) yss) xs

-- 7ª solución
-- ===========

producto7 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
producto7 = foldr inserta7 [[]]

inserta7 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]
inserta7 xs yss = xs >>= (\x -> map (x:) yss)

-- 8ª solución
-- ===========

producto8 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
producto8 = foldr inserta8 [[]]

inserta8 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]
inserta8 xs yss = (:) <$> xs <*> yss

-- 9ª solución
-- ===========

producto9 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
producto9 = foldr inserta9 [[]]

inserta9 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]
inserta9 = liftA2 (:)

-- 10ª solución
-- ============

producto10 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
producto10 = foldr (liftM2 (:)) [[]]

-- 11ª solución
-- ============

producto11 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]
producto11 = sequence

-- Comprobación de equivalencia
-- ============================

-- La propiedad es
prop_producto :: [[Int]] -> Bool
prop_producto xss =
  all (== producto1 xss)
      [ producto2 xss
      , producto3 xss
      , producto4 xss
      , producto5 xss
      , producto6 xss
      , producto7 xss
      , producto8 xss
      , producto9 xss
      , producto10 xss
      , producto11 xss
      ]

-- La comprobación es
--    λ> quickCheckWith (stdArgs {maxSize = 9}) prop_producto
--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

-- Comparación de eficiencia
-- =========================

-- La comparación es
--    λ> length (producto1 (replicate 7 [0..9]))
--    10000000
--    (10.51 secs, 10,169,418,496 bytes)
--    λ> length (producto2 (replicate 7 [0..9]))
--    10000000
--    (2.14 secs, 1,333,870,712 bytes)
--    λ> length (producto3 (replicate 7 [0..9]))
--    10000000
--    (3.33 secs, 1,956,102,056 bytes)
--    λ> length (producto4 (replicate 7 [0..9]))
--    10000000
--    (0.98 secs, 1,600,542,752 bytes)
--    λ> length (producto5 (replicate 7 [0..9]))
--    10000000
--    (2.10 secs, 1,333,870,288 bytes)
--    λ> length (producto6 (replicate 7 [0..9]))
--    10000000
--    (1.17 secs, 1,600,534,632 bytes)
--    λ> length (producto7 (replicate 7 [0..9]))
--    10000000
--    (0.35 secs, 1,600,534,352 bytes)
--    λ> length (producto8 (replicate 7 [0..9]))
--    10000000
--    (0.87 secs, 978,317,848 bytes)
--    λ> length (producto9 (replicate 7 [0..9]))
--    10000000
--    (1.38 secs, 1,067,201,016 bytes)
--    λ> length (producto10 (replicate 7 [0..9]))
--    10000000
--    (0.54 secs, 2,311,645,392 bytes)
--    λ> length (producto11 (replicate 7 [0..9]))
--    10000000
--    (1.32 secs, 1,067,200,992 bytes)
--
--    λ> length (producto7 (replicate 7 [1..14]))
--    105413504
--    (3.77 secs, 16,347,739,040 bytes)
--    λ> length (producto10 (replicate 7 [1..14]))
--    105413504
--    (5.11 secs, 23,613,162,016 bytes)

-- Comprobación de la propiedad
-- ============================

-- La propiedad es
prop_longitud :: [[Int]] -> Bool
prop_longitud xss =
  length (producto7 xss) == product (map length xss)

-- La comprobación es
--    λ> quickCheckWith (stdArgs {maxSize = 7}) prop_longitud
--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

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module Producto_cartesiano where

import Test.QuickCheck (quickCheck)

import Control.Monad (liftM2)

import Control.Applicative (liftA2)

-- 1ª solución

-- ===========

producto1 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

producto1 [] = [[]]

producto1 (xs:xss) = [x:ys | x <- xs, ys <- producto1 xss]

-- 2ª solución

-- ===========

producto2 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

producto2 [] = [[]]

producto2 (xs:xss) = [x:ys | x <- xs, ys <- ps]

where ps = producto2 xss

-- 3ª solución

-- ===========

producto3 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

producto3 [] = [[]]

producto3 (xs:xss) = inserta3 xs (producto3 xss)

-- (inserta xs xss) inserta cada elemento de xs en los elementos de

-- xss. Por ejemplo,

-- λ> inserta [1,2] [[3,4],[5,6]]

-- [[1,3,4],[1,5,6],[2,3,4],[2,5,6]]

inserta3 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]

inserta3 [] _ = []

inserta3 (x:xs) yss = [x:ys | ys <- yss] ++ inserta3 xs yss

-- 4ª solución

-- ===========

producto4 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

producto4 = foldr inserta4 [[]]

inserta4 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]

inserta4 [] _ = []

inserta4 (x:xs) yss = map (x:) yss ++ inserta4 xs yss

-- 5ª solución

-- ===========

producto5 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

producto5 = foldr inserta5 [[]]

inserta5 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]

inserta5 xs yss = [x:ys | x <- xs, ys <- yss]

-- 6ª solución

-- ===========

producto6 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

producto6 = foldr inserta6 [[]]

inserta6 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]

inserta6 xs yss = concatMap (\x -> map (x:) yss) xs

-- 7ª solución

-- ===========

producto7 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

producto7 = foldr inserta7 [[]]

inserta7 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]

inserta7 xs yss = xs >>= (\x -> map (x:) yss)

-- 8ª solución

-- ===========

producto8 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

producto8 = foldr inserta8 [[]]

inserta8 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]

inserta8 xs yss = (:) <$> xs <*> yss

-- 9ª solución

-- ===========

producto9 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

producto9 = foldr inserta9 [[]]

inserta9 :: [a] -> [[a]] -> [[a]]

inserta9 = liftA2 (:)

-- 10ª solución

-- ============

producto10 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

producto10 = foldr (liftM2 (:)) [[]]

-- 11ª solución

-- ============

producto11 :: [[a]] -> [[a]]

producto11 = sequence

-- Comprobación de equivalencia

-- ============================

-- La propiedad es

prop_producto :: [[Int]] -> Bool

prop_producto xss =

all (== producto1 xss)

[ producto2 xss

, producto3 xss

, producto4 xss

, producto5 xss

, producto6 xss

, producto7 xss

, producto8 xss

, producto9 xss

, producto10 xss

, producto11 xss

]

-- La comprobación es

-- λ> quickCheckWith (stdArgs {maxSize = 9}) prop_producto

-- +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

-- Comparación de eficiencia

-- =========================

-- La comparación es

-- λ> length (producto1 (replicate 7 [0..9]))

-- 10000000

-- (10.51 secs, 10,169,418,496 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto2 (replicate 7 [0..9]))

-- 10000000

-- (2.14 secs, 1,333,870,712 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto3 (replicate 7 [0..9]))

-- 10000000

-- (3.33 secs, 1,956,102,056 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto4 (replicate 7 [0..9]))

-- 10000000

-- (0.98 secs, 1,600,542,752 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto5 (replicate 7 [0..9]))

-- 10000000

-- (2.10 secs, 1,333,870,288 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto6 (replicate 7 [0..9]))

-- 10000000

-- (1.17 secs, 1,600,534,632 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto7 (replicate 7 [0..9]))

-- 10000000

-- (0.35 secs, 1,600,534,352 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto8 (replicate 7 [0..9]))

-- 10000000

-- (0.87 secs, 978,317,848 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto9 (replicate 7 [0..9]))

-- 10000000

-- (1.38 secs, 1,067,201,016 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto10 (replicate 7 [0..9]))

-- 10000000

-- (0.54 secs, 2,311,645,392 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto11 (replicate 7 [0..9]))

-- 10000000

-- (1.32 secs, 1,067,200,992 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto7 (replicate 7 [1..14]))

-- 105413504

-- (3.77 secs, 16,347,739,040 bytes)

-- λ> length (producto10 (replicate 7 [1..14]))

-- 105413504

-- (5.11 secs, 23,613,162,016 bytes)

-- Comprobación de la propiedad

-- ============================

-- La propiedad es

prop_longitud :: [[Int]] -> Bool

prop_longitud xss =

length (producto7 xss) == product (map length xss)

-- La comprobación es

-- λ> quickCheckWith (stdArgs {maxSize = 7}) prop_longitud

-- +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

El código se encuentra en GitHub.

La elaboración de las soluciones se describe en el siguiente vídeo

Producto cartesiano de una familia de conjuntos

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