Descomposiciones triangulares

   *     *      *
        * *    * *
              * * *
   1     3      6

    1 = 1
    3 = 1 + 2
    6 = 1 + 2 + 3
   10 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
   15 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5

   descomposicionesTriangulares :: Int -> [(Int, Int, Int)]

   descomposicionesTriangulares  4 == []
   descomposicionesTriangulares  5 == [(1,1,3)]
   descomposicionesTriangulares 12 == [(1,1,10),(3,3,6)]
   descomposicionesTriangulares 30 == [(1,1,28),(3,6,21),(10,10,10)]
   descomposicionesTriangulares 61 == [(1,15,45),(3,3,55),(6,10,45),(10,15,36)]
   descomposicionesTriangulares 52 == [(1,6,45),(1,15,36),(3,21,28),(6,10,36),(10,21,21)]
   descomposicionesTriangulares 82 == [(1,3,78),(1,15,66),(1,36,45),(6,10,66),(6,21,55),(10,36,36)]
   length (descomposicionesTriangulares (5*10^5)) == 124

import Test.QuickCheck
 
-- 1ª solución
-- ===========
 
descomposicionesTriangulares1 :: Int -> [(Int, Int, Int)]
descomposicionesTriangulares1 n =
  [(x,y,z) | x <- xs,
             y <- xs,
             z <- xs,
             x <= y && y <= z,
             x + y + z == n]
  where xs = takeWhile (<=n) triangulares
 
-- triangulares es la lista de los números triangulares. Por ejemplo,
--    take 9 triangulares  ==  [1,3,6,10,15,21,28,36,45]
triangulares :: [Int]
triangulares = scanl (+) 1 [2..]
 
-- 2ª solución
-- ===========
 
descomposicionesTriangulares2 :: Int -> [(Int, Int, Int)]
descomposicionesTriangulares2 n =
  [(x,y,z) | x <- xs,
             y <- xs,
             x <= y,
             z <- xs,
             y <= z,
             x + y + z == n]
  where xs = takeWhile (<=n) triangulares
 
-- 3ª solución
-- ===========
 
descomposicionesTriangulares3 :: Int -> [(Int, Int, Int)]
descomposicionesTriangulares3 n =
  [(x,y,z) | x <- xs,
             y <- xs,
             x <= y,
             let z = n - x - y,
             y <= z,
             z `elem` xs]
  where xs = takeWhile (<=n) triangulares
 
-- 4ª solución
-- ===========
 
descomposicionesTriangulares4 :: Int -> [(Int, Int, Int)]
descomposicionesTriangulares4 n =
  [(x,y,n-x-y) | x <- xs,
                 y <- dropWhile (<x) xs,
                 let z = n - x - y,
                 y <= z,
                 z `elem` xs]
  where xs = takeWhile (<=n) triangulares
 
-- Comprobación de equivalencia
-- ============================
 
-- La propiedad es
prop_descomposicionesTriangulares ::  Positive Int -> Bool
prop_descomposicionesTriangulares (Positive n) =
  all (== descomposicionesTriangulares1 n)
      [descomposicionesTriangulares2 n,
       descomposicionesTriangulares3 n,
       descomposicionesTriangulares4 n]
 
-- La comprobación es
--    λ> quickCheck prop_descomposicionesTriangulares
--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.
 
-- Comparación de eficiencia
-- =========================
 
-- La comparación es
--   λ> last (descomposicionesTriangulares1 (2*10^4))
--   (5671,6328,8001)
--   (3.34 secs, 1,469,517,168 bytes)
--   λ> last (descomposicionesTriangulares2 (2*10^4))
--   (5671,6328,8001)
--   (1.29 secs, 461,433,928 bytes)
--   λ> last (descomposicionesTriangulares3 (2*10^4))
--   (5671,6328,8001)
--   (0.08 secs, 6,574,056 bytes)
--
--   λ> last (descomposicionesTriangulares3 (5*10^5))
--   (140185,148240,211575)
--   (2.12 secs, 151,137,280 bytes)
--   λ> last (descomposicionesTriangulares4 (5*10^5))
--   (140185,148240,211575)
--   (2.30 secs, 103,280,216 bytes)