{"id":7489,"date":"2022-11-02T06:00:37","date_gmt":"2022-11-02T04:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/?p=7489"},"modified":"2022-12-14T12:17:28","modified_gmt":"2022-12-14T10:17:28","slug":"producto-cartesiano-de-dos-conjuntos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/producto-cartesiano-de-dos-conjuntos\/","title":{"rendered":"Producto cartesiano de dos conjuntos"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Definir la funci\u00f3n<\/p>\n<pre lang=\"text\">\n   producto :: [a] -> [b] -> [(a,b)]\n<\/pre>\n<p>tal que <code>producto xs ys<\/code> es el producto cartesiano de <code>xs<\/code> e <code>ys<\/code>. Por<br \/>\nejemplo,<\/p>\n<pre lang=\"text\">\n   producto [1,3] [2,4] == [(1,2),(1,4),(3,2),(3,4)]\n<\/pre>\n<p>Comprobar con QuickCheck que el n\u00famero de elementos de <code>producto xs y<\/code> es el producto del n\u00famero de elementos de <code>xs<\/code> y de <code>ys<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><b>Soluciones<\/b><\/p>\n<p>A continuaci\u00f3n se muestran las <a href=\"#haskell\">soluciones en Haskell<\/a> y las <a href=\"#python\">soluciones en Python<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"haskell\"><\/a><br \/>\n<b>Soluciones en Haskell<\/b><\/p>\n<pre lang=\"haskell\">\nimport Test.QuickCheck\n\n-- 1\u00aa soluci\u00f3n\n-- ===========\n\nproducto1 :: [a] -> [a] -> [(a,a)]\nproducto1 xs ys = [(x,y) | x <- xs, y <- ys]\n\n-- 2\u00aa soluci\u00f3n\n-- ===========\n\nproducto2 :: [a] -> [a] -> [(a,a)]\nproducto2 []     _  = []\nproducto2 (x:xs) ys = [(x,y) | y <- ys] ++ producto2 xs ys\n\n-- Comprobaci\u00f3n de equivalencia\n-- ============================\n\n-- La propiedad es\nprop_producto :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool\nprop_producto xs ys =\n  producto1 xs ys `iguales` producto2 xs ys\n\n-- (iguales xs ys) se verifica si xs e ys son iguales. Por ejemplo,\n--    iguales [3,2,3] [2,3]    ==  True\n--    iguales [3,2,3] [2,3,2]  ==  True\n--    iguales [3,2,3] [2,3,4]  ==  False\n--    iguales [2,3] [4,5]      ==  False\niguales :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> Bool\niguales xs ys =\n  subconjunto xs ys && subconjunto ys xs\n\n-- (subconjunto xs ys) se verifica si xs es un subconjunto de ys. por\n-- ejemplo,\n--    subconjunto [3,2,3] [2,5,3,5]  ==  True\n--    subconjunto [3,2,3] [2,5,6,5]  ==  False\nsubconjunto :: Ord a => [a] -> [a] -> Bool\nsubconjunto xs ys =\n  [x | x <- xs, x `elem` ys] == xs\n\n-- La comprobaci\u00f3n es\n--    \u03bb> quickCheck prop_producto\n--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.\n\n-- Comparaci\u00f3n de eficiencia\n-- =========================\n\n-- La comparaci\u00f3n es\n--    \u03bb> length (producto1 [1..4000] [1..4000])\n--    16000000\n--    (2.33 secs, 1,537,551,208 bytes)\n--    \u03bb> length (producto2 [1..4000] [1..4000])\n--    16000000\n--    (2.87 secs, 2,434,095,160 bytes)\n\n-- Comprobaci\u00f3n de la propiedad\n-- ============================\n\n-- La propiedad es\nprop_elementos_producto :: [Int] -> [Int] -> Bool\nprop_elementos_producto xs ys =\n  length (producto1 xs ys) == length xs * length ys\n\n-- La comprobaci\u00f3n es\n--    \u03bb> quickCheck prop_elementos_producto\n--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.\n<\/pre>\n<p>El c\u00f3digo se encuentra en <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jaalonso\/Exercitium\/blob\/main\/src\/Producto_cartesiano_de_dos_conjuntos.hs\">GitHub<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"python\"><\/a><br \/>\n<b>Soluciones en Python<\/b><\/p>\n<pre lang=\"python\">\nfrom sys import setrecursionlimit\nfrom timeit import Timer, default_timer\nfrom typing import TypeVar\n\nfrom hypothesis import given\nfrom hypothesis import strategies as st\n\nsetrecursionlimit(10**6)\n\nA = TypeVar('A')\nB = TypeVar('B')\n\n# 1\u00aa soluci\u00f3n\n# ===========\n\ndef producto1(xs: list[A], ys: list[B]) -> list[tuple[A, B]]:\n    return [(x, y) for x in xs for y in ys]\n\n# 2\u00aa soluci\u00f3n\n# ===========\n\ndef producto2(xs: list[A], ys: list[B]) -> list[tuple[A, B]]:\n    if xs:\n        return [(xs[0], y) for y in ys] + producto2(xs[1:], ys)\n    return []\n\n# Comprobaci\u00f3n de equivalencia\n# ============================\n\n# La propiedad es\n@given(st.lists(st.integers()),\n       st.lists(st.integers()))\ndef test_producto(xs: list[int], ys: list[int]) -> None:\n    assert sorted(producto1(xs, ys)) == sorted(producto2(xs, ys))\n\n# La comprobaci\u00f3n es\n#    src> poetry run pytest -q producto_cartesiano_de_dos_conjuntos.py\n#    1 passed in 0.31s\n\n# Comparaci\u00f3n de eficiencia\n# =========================\n\ndef tiempo(e: str) -> None:\n    \"\"\"Tiempo (en segundos) de evaluar la expresi\u00f3n e.\"\"\"\n    t = Timer(e, \"\", default_timer, globals()).timeit(1)\n    print(f\"{t:0.2f} segundos\")\n\n# La comparaci\u00f3n es\n#    >>> tiempo('len(producto1(range(0, 1000), range(0, 500)))')\n#    0.03 segundos\n#    >>> tiempo('len(producto2(range(0, 1000), range(0, 500)))')\n#    2.58 segundos\n\n# Comprobaci\u00f3n de la propiedad\n# ============================\n\n# La propiedad es\n@given(st.lists(st.integers()),\n       st.lists(st.integers()))\ndef test_elementos_producto(xs: list[int], ys: list[int]) -> None:\n    assert len(producto1(xs, ys)) == len(xs) * len(ys)\n\n# La comprobaci\u00f3n es\n#    src> poetry run pytest -q producto_cartesiano_de_dos_conjuntos.py\n#    2 passed in 0.48s\n<\/pre>\n<p>El c\u00f3digo se encuentra en <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jaalonso\/Exercitium-Python\/blob\/main\/src\/producto_cartesiano_de_dos_conjuntos.py\">GitHub<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Definir la funci\u00f3n producto :: [a] -> [b] -> [(a,b)] tal que producto xs ys es el producto cartesiano de xs e ys. Por ejemplo, producto [1,3] [2,4] == [(1,2),(1,4),(3,2),(3,4)] Comprobar con QuickCheck que el n\u00famero de elementos de producto xs y es el producto del n\u00famero de elementos de xs y de ys. Soluciones&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"footnotes":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false},"categories":[581],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7489"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7489"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7657,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7489\/revisions\/7657"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/exercitium\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}