Matriz dodecafónica

Como se explica en Create a Twelve-Tone Melody With a Twelve-Tone Matrix una matriz dodecafónica es una matriz de 12 filas y 12 columnas construidas siguiendo los siguientes pasos:

Se escribe en la primera fila una permutación de los números del 1 al 12. Por ejemplo,

     (  3  1  9  5  4  6  8  7 12 10 11  2 )
     (                                     )
     (                                     )
     (                                     )
     (                                     )
     (                                     )
     (                                     )
     (                                     )
     (                                     )
     (                                     )
     (                                     )
     (                                     )

( 3 1 9 5 4 6 8 7 12 10 11 2 )

( )

Escribir la primera columna de forma que, para todo i (entre 2 y 12), a(i,1) es el número entre 1 y 12 que verifica la siguiente condición

     (a(1,1) - a(i,1)) = (a(1,i) - a(1,1)) (módulo 12)

1	(a(1,1) - a(i,1)) = (a(1,i) - a(1,1)) (módulo 12)

Siguiendo con el ejemplo anterior, la matriz con la 1ª fila y la 1ª columna es

     (  3  1  9  5  4  6  8  7 12 10 11  2 )
     (  5                                  )
     (  9                                  )
     (  1                                  )
     (  2                                  )
     ( 12                                  )
     ( 10                                  )
     ( 11                                  )
     (  6                                  )
     (  8                                  )
     (  7                                  )
     (  4                                  )

( 3 1 9 5 4 6 8 7 12 10 11 2 )

( 5 )

( 9 )

( 1 )

( 2 )

( 12 )

( 10 )

( 11 )

( 6 )

( 8 )

( 7 )

( 4 )

Escribir la segunda fila de forma que, para todo j (entre 2 y 12), a(j,2) es el número entre 1 y 12 que verifica la siguiente condición

     (a(2,j) - a(1,j)) = (a(2,1) - a(1,1)) (módulo 12)

1	(a(2,j) - a(1,j)) = (a(2,1) - a(1,1)) (módulo 12)

Siguiendo con el ejemplo anterior, la matriz con la 1ª fila, 1ª columna y 2ª fila es

     (  3  1  9  5  4  6  8  7 12 10 11  2 )
     (  5  3 11  7  6  8 10  9  2 12  1  4 )
     (  9                                  )
     (  1                                  )
     (  2                                  )
     ( 12                                  )
     ( 10                                  )
     ( 11                                  )
     (  6                                  )
     (  8                                  )
     (  7                                  )
     (  4                                  )

( 3 1 9 5 4 6 8 7 12 10 11 2 )

( 5 3 11 7 6 8 10 9 2 12 1 4 )

( 9 )

( 1 )

( 2 )

( 12 )

( 10 )

( 11 )

( 6 )

( 8 )

( 7 )

( 4 )

Las restantes filas se completan como la 2ª; es decir, para todo i (entre 3 y 12) y todo j (entre 2 y 12), a(i,j) es el número entre 1 y 12 que verifica la siguiente relación.

     (a(i,j) - a(1,j)) = (a(i,1) - a(1,1)) (módulo 12)

1	(a(i,j) - a(1,j)) = (a(i,1) - a(1,1)) (módulo 12)

Siguiendo con el ejemplo anterior, la matriz dodecafónica es

     (  3  1  9  5  4  6  8  7 12 10 11  2 )
     (  5  3 11  7  6  8 10  9  2 12  1  4 )
     (  9  7  3 11 10 12  2  1  6  4  5  8 )
     (  1 11  7  3  2  4  6  5 10  8  9 12 )
     (  2 12  8  4  3  5  7  6 11  9 10  1 )
     ( 12 10  6  2  1  3  5  4  9  7  8 11 )
     ( 10  8  4 12 11  1  3  2  7  5  6  9 )
     ( 11  9  5  1 12  2  4  3  8  6  7 10 )
     (  6  4 12  8  7  9 11 10  3  1  2  5 )
     (  8  6  2 10  9 11  1 12  5  3  4  7 )
     (  7  5  1  9  8 10 12 11  4  2  3  6 )
     (  4  2 10  6  5  7  9  8  1 11 12  3 )

( 3 1 9 5 4 6 8 7 12 10 11 2 )

( 5 3 11 7 6 8 10 9 2 12 1 4 )

( 9 7 3 11 10 12 2 1 6 4 5 8 )

( 1 11 7 3 2 4 6 5 10 8 9 12 )

( 2 12 8 4 3 5 7 6 11 9 10 1 )

( 12 10 6 2 1 3 5 4 9 7 8 11 )

( 10 8 4 12 11 1 3 2 7 5 6 9 )

( 11 9 5 1 12 2 4 3 8 6 7 10 )

( 6 4 12 8 7 9 11 10 3 1 2 5 )

( 8 6 2 10 9 11 1 12 5 3 4 7 )

( 7 5 1 9 8 10 12 11 4 2 3 6 )

( 4 2 10 6 5 7 9 8 1 11 12 3 )

Definir la función

   matrizDodecafonica :: [Int] -> Matrix Int

1	matrizDodecafonica :: [Int] -> Matrix Int

tal que (matrizDodecafonica xs) es la matriz dodecafónica cuya primera fila es xs (que se supone que es una permutación de los números del 1 al 12). Por ejemplo,

   λ> matrizDodecafonica [3,1,9,5,4,6,8,7,12,10,11,2]
   (  3  1  9  5  4  6  8  7 12 10 11  2 )
   (  5  3 11  7  6  8 10  9  2 12  1  4 )
   (  9  7  3 11 10 12  2  1  6  4  5  8 )
   (  1 11  7  3  2  4  6  5 10  8  9 12 )
   (  2 12  8  4  3  5  7  6 11  9 10  1 )
   ( 12 10  6  2  1  3  5  4  9  7  8 11 )
   ( 10  8  4 12 11  1  3  2  7  5  6  9 )
   ( 11  9  5  1 12  2  4  3  8  6  7 10 )
   (  6  4 12  8  7  9 11 10  3  1  2  5 )
   (  8  6  2 10  9 11  1 12  5  3  4  7 )
   (  7  5  1  9  8 10 12 11  4  2  3  6 )
   (  4  2 10  6  5  7  9  8  1 11 12  3 )

λ> matrizDodecafonica [3,1,9,5,4,6,8,7,12,10,11,2]

( 3 1 9 5 4 6 8 7 12 10 11 2 )

( 5 3 11 7 6 8 10 9 2 12 1 4 )

( 9 7 3 11 10 12 2 1 6 4 5 8 )

( 1 11 7 3 2 4 6 5 10 8 9 12 )

( 2 12 8 4 3 5 7 6 11 9 10 1 )

( 12 10 6 2 1 3 5 4 9 7 8 11 )

( 10 8 4 12 11 1 3 2 7 5 6 9 )

( 11 9 5 1 12 2 4 3 8 6 7 10 )

( 6 4 12 8 7 9 11 10 3 1 2 5 )

( 8 6 2 10 9 11 1 12 5 3 4 7 )

( 7 5 1 9 8 10 12 11 4 2 3 6 )

( 4 2 10 6 5 7 9 8 1 11 12 3 )

Comprobar con QuickCheck para toda matriz dodecafónica D se verifican las siguientes propiedades:

todas las filas de D son permutaciones de los números 1 a 12,
todos los elementos de la diagonal de D son iguales y
la suma de todos los elementos de D es 936.

Nota: Este ejercicio ha sido propuesto por Francisco J. Hidalgo.

Soluciones

import Data.List
import Test.QuickCheck
import Data.Matrix

-- 1ª solución
-- ===========

matrizDodecafonica :: [Int] -> Matrix Int
matrizDodecafonica xs = matrix 12 12 f
  where f (1,j) = xs !! (j-1)
        f (i,1) = modulo12 (2 * f (1,1) - f (1,i)) 
        f (i,j) = modulo12 (f (1,j) + f (i,1) - f (1,1)) 
        modulo12 0  = 12
        modulo12 12 = 12
        modulo12 x  = x `mod` 12
  
-- 2ª solución
-- ===========

matrizDodecafonica2 :: [Int] -> Matrix Int
matrizDodecafonica2 xs = fromLists (secuencias xs)

secuencias :: [Int] -> [[Int]]
secuencias xs = [secuencia a xs | a <- inversa xs]

inversa :: [Int] -> [Int]
inversa xs = map conv (map (\x -> (-x) + 2* (abs a)) xs)
  where a = head xs
        
secuencia :: Int -> [Int] -> [Int]
secuencia n xs = [conv (a+(n-b)) | a <- xs] 
  where b = head xs

conv :: Int -> Int
conv n | n == 0 = 12
       | n < 0 = conv (n+12)
       | n > 11 = conv (mod n 12)
       | otherwise = n          

-- Propiedades
-- ===========

-- Las propiedades son
prop_dodecafonica :: Int -> Property
prop_dodecafonica n = 
  n >= 0 ==>
  all esPermutacion (toLists d)
  && all (== d!(1,1)) [d!(i,i) | i <- [2..12]]
  && sum d == 936
  where xss = permutations [1..12]
        k   = n `mod` product [1..12]
        d   = matrizDodecafonica (xss !! k)
        esPermutacion ys = sort ys == [1..12]

-- La comprobación es
--    λ> quickCheck prop_dodecafonica
--    +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

import Data.List

import Test.QuickCheck

import Data.Matrix

-- 1ª solución

-- ===========

matrizDodecafonica :: [Int] -> Matrix Int

matrizDodecafonica xs = matrix 12 12 f

where f (1,j) = xs !! (j-1)

f (i,1) = modulo12 (2 * f (1,1) - f (1,i))

f (i,j) = modulo12 (f (1,j) + f (i,1) - f (1,1))

modulo12 0 = 12

modulo12 12 = 12

modulo12 x = x `mod` 12

-- 2ª solución

-- ===========

matrizDodecafonica2 :: [Int] -> Matrix Int

matrizDodecafonica2 xs = fromLists (secuencias xs)

secuencias :: [Int] -> [[Int]]

secuencias xs = [secuencia a xs | a <- inversa xs]

inversa :: [Int] -> [Int]

inversa xs = map conv (map (\x -> (-x) + 2* (abs a)) xs)

where a = head xs

secuencia :: Int -> [Int] -> [Int]

secuencia n xs = [conv (a+(n-b)) | a <- xs]

where b = head xs

conv :: Int -> Int

conv n | n == 0 = 12

| n < 0 = conv (n+12)

| n > 11 = conv (mod n 12)

| otherwise = n

-- Propiedades

-- ===========

-- Las propiedades son

prop_dodecafonica :: Int -> Property

prop_dodecafonica n =

n >= 0 ==>

all esPermutacion (toLists d)

&& all (== d!(1,1)) [d!(i,i) | i <- [2..12]]

&& sum d == 936

where xss = permutations [1..12]

k = n `mod` product [1..12]

d = matrizDodecafonica (xss !! k)

esPermutacion ys = sort ys == [1..12]

-- La comprobación es

-- λ> quickCheck prop_dodecafonica

-- +++ OK, passed 100 tests.

Pensamiento

Como el olivar,
mucho fruto lleva,
poca sombra da.

Antonio Machado

import Data.Matrix
import Test.QuickCheck
import Data.List

matrizDodecafonica :: [Int] -> Matrix Int
matrizDodecafonica xs = q
  where q = matrix 12 12 (\(i,j) -> f i j)
        f 1 j = xs !! (j-1)
        f i 1 | mod (f 1 1 + f 1 1 - f 1 i) 12 == 0 = 12
              | otherwise = mod (f 1 1 + f 1 1 - f 1 i) 12
        f i j | mod (f 1 j + f i 1 - f 1 1) 12 == 0 = 12
              | otherwise = mod (f 1 j + f i 1 - f 1 1) 12

prop_permutaciones :: [Int] -> Property
prop_permutaciones xs =
  length xs == 12 && and [elem k xs | k <- [1..12]] ==>
  all (\ys -> elem ys $ permutations xs) $ toLists $ matrizDodecafonica xs

prop_diagonal :: [Int] -> Property
prop_diagonal xs =
  length xs == 12 && and [elem k xs | k <- [1..12]] ==>
  aux $ matrizDodecafonica xs
  where aux v = 1 == length (nub [v ! (i,i) | i <- [1..12]])

prop_suma :: [Int] -> Property
prop_suma xs =
  length xs == 12 && and [elem k xs | k <- [1..12]] ==>
  aux $ matrizDodecafonica xs
  where aux v = 936 == sum [v ! (i,j) | i <- [1..12] , j <- [1..12]]

import Data.Matrix

import Test.QuickCheck

import Data.List

matrizDodecafonica :: [Int] -> Matrix Int

matrizDodecafonica xs = q

where q = matrix 12 12 (\(i,j) -> f i j)

f 1 j = xs !! (j-1)

f i 1 | mod (f 1 1 + f 1 1 - f 1 i) 12 == 0 = 12

| otherwise = mod (f 1 1 + f 1 1 - f 1 i) 12

f i j | mod (f 1 j + f i 1 - f 1 1) 12 == 0 = 12

| otherwise = mod (f 1 j + f i 1 - f 1 1) 12

prop_permutaciones :: [Int] -> Property

prop_permutaciones xs =

length xs == 12 && and [elem k xs | k <- [1..12]] ==>

all (\ys -> elem ys $ permutations xs) $ toLists $ matrizDodecafonica xs

prop_diagonal :: [Int] -> Property

prop_diagonal xs =

length xs == 12 && and [elem k xs | k <- [1..12]] ==>

aux $ matrizDodecafonica xs

where aux v = 1 == length (nub [v ! (i,i) | i <- [1..12]])

prop_suma :: [Int] -> Property

prop_suma xs =

length xs == 12 && and [elem k xs | k <- [1..12]] ==>

aux $ matrizDodecafonica xs

where aux v = 936 == sum [v ! (i,j) | i <- [1..12] , j <- [1..12]]

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