        {"id":1936,"date":"2024-01-16T06:00:50","date_gmt":"2024-01-16T04:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/?p=1936"},"modified":"2024-01-16T13:35:33","modified_gmt":"2024-01-16T11:35:33","slug":"16-ene-24","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/16-ene-24\/","title":{"rendered":"En \u211d, si x \u2260 0 entonces x < 0 \u00f3 x > 0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Demostrar con Lean4 que en \u211d, si &#92;(x \u2260 0&#92;) entonces &#92;(x &lt; 0&#92;) \u00f3 &#92;(x > 0&#92;).<\/p>\n<p>Para ello, completar la siguiente teor\u00eda de Lean4:<\/p>\n<pre lang=\"lean\">\r\nimport Mathlib.Data.Real.Basic\r\nvariable {x : \u211d}\r\n\r\nexample\r\n  (h : x \u2260 0)\r\n  : x < 0 \u2228 x > 0 :=\r\nby sorry\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><b>Demostraci\u00f3n en lenguaje natural<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Usando el siguiente lema<br \/>\n&#92;[ (\u2200 x, y \u2208 \u211d)[x &lt; y \u2228 x = y \u2228 y &lt; x] &#92;]<br \/>\nse demuestra distinguiendo tres casos.<\/p>\n<p>Caso 1: Supongamos que &#92;(x &lt; 0&#92;). Entonces, se verifica la disyunci\u00f3n ya<br \/>\nque se verifica su primera parte.<\/p>\n<p>Caso 2: Supongamos que &#92;(x = 0&#92;). Entonces, se tiene una contradicci\u00f3n<br \/>\ncon la hip\u00f3tesis.<\/p>\n<p>Caso 3: Supongamos que &#92;(x > 0&#92;). Entonces, se verifica la disyunci\u00f3n ya<br \/>\nque se verifica su segunda parte.<\/p>\n<p><b>Demostraciones con Lean4<\/b><\/p>\n<pre lang=\"lean\">\r\nimport Mathlib.Data.Real.Basic\r\nvariable {x : \u211d}\r\n\r\n-- 1\u00aa demostraci\u00f3n\r\n-- ===============\r\n\r\nexample\r\n  (h : x \u2260 0)\r\n  : x < 0 \u2228 x > 0 :=\r\nby\r\n  rcases lt_trichotomy x 0 with hx1 | hx2 | hx3\r\n  . -- hx1 : x < 0\r\n    left\r\n    -- \u22a2 x < 0\r\n    exact hx1\r\n  . -- hx2 : x = 0\r\n    contradiction\r\n  . -- hx3 : 0 < x\r\n    right\r\n    -- \u22a2 x > 0\r\n    exact hx3\r\n\r\n-- 2\u00aa demostraci\u00f3n\r\n-- ===============\r\n\r\nexample\r\n  (h : x \u2260 0)\r\n  : x < 0 \u2228 x > 0 :=\r\nNe.lt_or_lt h\r\n\r\n-- 3\u00aa demostraci\u00f3n\r\n-- ===============\r\n\r\nexample\r\n  (h : x \u2260 0)\r\n  : x < 0 \u2228 x > 0 :=\r\nby aesop\r\n\r\n-- Lemas usados\r\n-- ============\r\n\r\n-- variable (y : \u211d)\r\n-- #check (lt_trichotomy x y : x < y \u2228 x = y \u2228 y < x)\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><b>Demostraciones interactivas<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Se puede interactuar con las demostraciones anteriores en <a href=\"https:\/\/live.lean-lang.org\/#url=https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/jaalonso\/Calculemus2\/main\/src\/Eliminacion_de_la_disyuncion_con_rcases.lean\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Lean 4 Web<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><b>Referencias<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> J. Avigad y P. Massot. <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3U4UjBk\">Mathematics in Lean<\/a>, p. 39.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>En Isabelle\/HOL<\/b><\/p>\n<pre lang=\"isar\">\r\ntheory Eliminacion_de_la_disyuncion_con_rcases\r\nimports Main HOL.Real\r\nbegin\r\n\r\n(* 1\u00aa demostraci\u00f3n *)\r\nlemma \r\n  fixes x :: real\r\n  assumes \"x \u2260 0\" \r\n  shows \"x < 0 \u2228 x > 0\"\r\nproof (cases \"x < 0\")\r\n    case True\r\n    then show ?thesis by simp\r\n  next\r\n    case False\r\n    then have \"x \u2265 0\" by simp\r\n    with `x \u2260 0` have \"x > 0\" by simp\r\n    then show ?thesis by simp\r\nqed\r\n\r\n(* 2\u00aa demostraci\u00f3n *)\r\nlemma \r\n  fixes x :: real\r\n  assumes \"x \u2260 0\" \r\n  shows \"x < 0 \u2228 x > 0\"\r\nproof (rule classical)\r\n  assume \"\u00ac (x < 0 \u2228 x > 0)\"\r\n  then have \"\u00ac (x < 0) \u2227 \u00ac (x > 0)\" by simp\r\n  then have \"x \u2265 0 \u2227 x \u2264 0\" by simp\r\n  then have \"x = 0\" by arith\r\n  with `x \u2260 0` show ?thesis by simp\r\nqed\r\n\r\n(* 3\u00aa demostraci\u00f3n *)\r\nlemma \r\n  fixes x :: real\r\n  assumes \"x \u2260 0\" \r\n  shows \"x < 0 \u2228 x > 0\"\r\nproof (rule classical)\r\n  assume \"\u00ac (x < 0 \u2228 x > 0)\"\r\n  then have \"x = 0\" by simp\r\n  with `x \u2260 0` show ?thesis by simp\r\nqed\r\n\r\n(* 4\u00aa demostraci\u00f3n *)\r\nlemma \r\n  fixes x :: real\r\n  assumes \"x \u2260 0\" \r\n  shows \"x < 0 \u2228 x > 0\"\r\nusing assms by auto\r\n\r\nend\r\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Demostrar con Lean4 que en \u211d, si x \u2260 0 entonces x < 0 \u00f3 x > 0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1936"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1936"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1936\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1951,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1936\/revisions\/1951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1936"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1936"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.glc.us.es\/~jalonso\/calculemus\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1936"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}