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	<id>https://www.glc.us.es/~jalonso/LMF2018/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Marcabcar1</id>
	<title>Lógica matemática y fundamentos (2017-18) - Contribuciones del usuario [es]</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://www.glc.us.es/~jalonso/LMF2018/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Marcabcar1"/>
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	<updated>2026-07-22T14:35:56Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Contribuciones del usuario</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.glc.us.es/~jalonso/LMF2018/index.php?title=Relaci%C3%B3n_4&amp;diff=160</id>
		<title>Relación 4</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.glc.us.es/~jalonso/LMF2018/index.php?title=Relaci%C3%B3n_4&amp;diff=160"/>
		<updated>2018-03-25T19:36:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marcabcar1: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;source lang = &amp;quot;isar&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
chapter {* R4: Deducción natural proposicional *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
theory R4&lt;br /&gt;
imports Main &lt;br /&gt;
begin&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {*&lt;br /&gt;
  --------------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  El objetivo de esta relación es demostrar cada uno de los ejercicios&lt;br /&gt;
  usando sólo las reglas básicas de deducción natural de la lógica&lt;br /&gt;
  proposicional (sin usar el método auto).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  Las reglas básicas de la deducción natural son las siguientes:&lt;br /&gt;
  · conjI:      ⟦P; Q⟧ ⟹ P ∧ Q&lt;br /&gt;
  · conjunct1:  P ∧ Q ⟹ P&lt;br /&gt;
  · conjunct2:  P ∧ Q ⟹ Q  &lt;br /&gt;
  · notnotD:    ¬¬ P ⟹ P&lt;br /&gt;
  · notnotI:    P ⟹ ¬¬ P&lt;br /&gt;
  · mp:         ⟦P ⟶ Q; P⟧ ⟹ Q &lt;br /&gt;
  · mt:         ⟦F ⟶ G; ¬G⟧ ⟹ ¬F &lt;br /&gt;
  · impI:       (P ⟹ Q) ⟹ P ⟶ Q&lt;br /&gt;
  · disjI1:     P ⟹ P ∨ Q&lt;br /&gt;
  · disjI2:     Q ⟹ P ∨ Q&lt;br /&gt;
  · disjE:      ⟦P ∨ Q; P ⟹ R; Q ⟹ R⟧ ⟹ R &lt;br /&gt;
  · FalseE:     False ⟹ P&lt;br /&gt;
  · notE:       ⟦¬P; P⟧ ⟹ R&lt;br /&gt;
  · notI:       (P ⟹ False) ⟹ ¬P&lt;br /&gt;
  · iffI:       ⟦P ⟹ Q; Q ⟹ P⟧ ⟹ P = Q&lt;br /&gt;
  · iffD1:      ⟦Q = P; Q⟧ ⟹ P &lt;br /&gt;
  · iffD2:      ⟦P = Q; Q⟧ ⟹ P&lt;br /&gt;
  · ccontr:     (¬P ⟹ False) ⟹ P&lt;br /&gt;
  --------------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
*}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {*&lt;br /&gt;
  Se usarán las reglas notnotI y mt que demostramos a continuación. *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma notnotI: &amp;quot;P ⟹ ¬¬ P&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
by auto&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma mt: &amp;quot;⟦F ⟶ G; ¬G⟧ ⟹ ¬F&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
by auto&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
section {* Implicaciones *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 1. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
       p ⟶ q, p ⊢ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_1: josrodjim2 carmarria inmbenber marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; and&lt;br /&gt;
          2: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  show 1: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using 1 2  by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_1: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p --&amp;gt; q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using assms(1) assms(2) by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 2. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⟶ q, q ⟶ r, p ⊢ r&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_2: josrodjim2 carmarria inmbenber marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1:  &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; and&lt;br /&gt;
          2:  &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; and&lt;br /&gt;
          3:  &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have 4: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
 show  &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 2 4  by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_2: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p⟶q` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q⟶r` `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 3. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⟶ (q ⟶ r), p ⟶ q, p ⊢ r&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_3: josrodjim2 carmarria inmbenber marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; and&lt;br /&gt;
          2: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; and&lt;br /&gt;
          3:  &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have 4: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using 2 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 5: &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using 1 3  by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 5 4 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_3: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p⟶q` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot; using `p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q⟶r` `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 4. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⟶ q, q ⟶ r ⊢ p ⟶ r&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_4: josrodjim2&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; and&lt;br /&gt;
          2: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  {  assume 3: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have 4: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 5: &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 2 4 by (rule mp)}&lt;br /&gt;
  hence 6: &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot;  using 3 5  by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p⟶r&amp;quot; using 6 by this&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
oops&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_4: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; and&lt;br /&gt;
          2: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
 { assume 3: p &lt;br /&gt;
   have 4: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
   have 5: &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 2 4 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
 }&lt;br /&gt;
      thus &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI) &lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_4: inmbenber&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; and&lt;br /&gt;
          2: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
 { assume 3: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
   have 4: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
   have 5: &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 2 4 by (rule mp) }&lt;br /&gt;
 thus &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI) &lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_4:marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
        shows &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
   with assms(1) have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  with assms(2) show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_4: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using assms(1) `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using assms(2) `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 5. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⟶ (q ⟶ r) ⊢ q ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_5: josrodjim2 (NO DA ERROR, PERO SI ALERTA)&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  { assume 2: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 3: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: &amp;quot;q ⟶r&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 4 2 by (rule mp)}&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 6: &amp;quot;p⟶r&amp;quot; using 3 5 by (rule impI)}&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 7: &amp;quot;q ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using 2 6 by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;q ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using 7 by this&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
oops&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_5: carmarria &lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof - &lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: q&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 3: p &lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 4 2 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence &amp;quot; p ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus  &amp;quot;q ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_5: inmbenber&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof - &lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 3: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 4 2 by (rule mp) }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence &amp;quot; p ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI) }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus  &amp;quot;q ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_5: marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof &lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    with assms(1) have &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    thus &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using  `q` by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
  qed &lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_5: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p⟶r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot; using `p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q⟶r` `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 6. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⟶ (q ⟶ r) ⊢ (p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_6:josrodjim2&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof- &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;p⟶q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 3:  &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using 2 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 6: &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 4 5 by (rule mp)}&lt;br /&gt;
      hence 7: &amp;quot;p⟶r&amp;quot; using 3 6 by (rule impI)}&lt;br /&gt;
      hence  8: &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using 2 7 by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      show  &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using 8 by this&lt;br /&gt;
oops&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_6: carmarria, inmbenber&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 3: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using 2 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 6: &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 5 4 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 7: &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_6:marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1:  &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume 2: &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  proof &lt;br /&gt;
    assume 3: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using 2 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 5: &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
    show  &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 5 4 by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_6: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;(p⟶q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p⟶r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot; using `p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p⟶q` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q⟶r` `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 7. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⊢ q ⟶ p&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_7: (NO SE QUE ESTA MAL)&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;  &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q ⟶ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  { assume 2:  &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using 1&lt;br /&gt;
 }&lt;br /&gt;
  hence  4: &amp;quot;q⟶p&amp;quot; using  2 3   by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
show &amp;quot;q⟶p&amp;quot; using 4  by this&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
oops&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_7: carmarria, inmbenber&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;  &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q ⟶ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using 1 by this}&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;q ⟶ p&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_7:marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;  &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q ⟶ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms(1) by this&lt;br /&gt;
qed &lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_7: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;  &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q ⟶ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms by this&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 8. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ⊢ p ⟶ (q ⟶ p)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_8: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 1: p&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 2: q&lt;br /&gt;
      have 3: p using 1 by this&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 4: &amp;quot;q ⟶ p&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ p)&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_8: marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof&lt;br /&gt;
  assume 1:  &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(q ⟶ p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof &lt;br /&gt;
    assume 2:  &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using 1 by this &lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_8: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;p⟶(q⟶p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q⟶p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p` by this&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 9. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⟶ q ⊢ (q ⟶ r) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_9: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 3: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 2 4 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 6: &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus 7: &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_9: marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof &lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    with `(p ⟶ q)` have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    with `(q ⟶ r)` show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_9: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p⟶r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p⟶q` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q⟶r` `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 10. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⟶ (q ⟶ (r ⟶ s)) ⊢ r ⟶ (q ⟶ (p ⟶ s))&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_10: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ (r ⟶ s))&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;r ⟶ (q ⟶ (p ⟶ s))&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: r&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 3: q&lt;br /&gt;
      {assume 4: p&lt;br /&gt;
        have 5: &amp;quot;q ⟶ (r ⟶ s)&amp;quot; using 1 4 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
        have 6: &amp;quot;r ⟶ s&amp;quot; using 5 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
        have 7: s using 6 2 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      }&lt;br /&gt;
      hence 8: &amp;quot;p ⟶ s&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 9: &amp;quot;q ⟶ (p ⟶ s)&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus  &amp;quot;r ⟶ (q ⟶ (p ⟶ s))&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_10: marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ (r ⟶ s))&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;r ⟶ (q ⟶ (p ⟶ s))&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume 2:  &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(q ⟶ (p ⟶ s))&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof &lt;br /&gt;
    assume 3:  &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;(p ⟶ s)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof &lt;br /&gt;
      assume 4:  &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: &amp;quot;(q ⟶ (r ⟶ s))&amp;quot; using 1 4  by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
      have 6: &amp;quot;(r ⟶ s)&amp;quot; using 5 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;s&amp;quot; using 6 2 by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_10: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ (r ⟶ s))&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;r ⟶ (q ⟶ (p ⟶ s))&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q⟶(p⟶s)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p⟶s&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;q ⟶ (r ⟶ s)&amp;quot; using `p ⟶ (q ⟶ (r ⟶ s))` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;r⟶s&amp;quot; using `q ⟶ (r ⟶ s)` `q`  by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;s&amp;quot; using `r--&amp;gt;s` `r` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 11. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ⊢ (p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)) ⟶ ((p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r))&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_11: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;quot;(p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)) ⟶ ((p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r))&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof - &lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 2: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      {assume 3: p&lt;br /&gt;
        have 4: q using 2 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
        have 5: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
        have 6: r using 5 4 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      }&lt;br /&gt;
      hence 7: &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 8: &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;(p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)) ⟶ ((p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r))&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_11: marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;quot;(p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)) ⟶ ((p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r))&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume 1: &amp;quot;(p ⟶ (q ⟶ r))&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;((p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r))&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof &lt;br /&gt;
    assume 2: &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;(p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    proof &lt;br /&gt;
      assume 3: &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using 2 3 by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 4 5 by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_11: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;(p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)) ⟶ ((p ⟶ q) ⟶ (p ⟶ r))&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p⟶(q⟶r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p⟶q)⟶(p⟶r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p⟶q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p⟶r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p⟶q` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot; using `p⟶(q⟶r)` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q⟶r` `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 12. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     (p ⟶ q) ⟶ r ⊢ p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_12: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: p&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 3: q&lt;br /&gt;
      {assume 4: p&lt;br /&gt;
        have 5: q using 3 by this&lt;br /&gt;
      }&lt;br /&gt;
      hence 6: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 7: r using 1 6 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 8: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_12: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;p⟶q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `q` by this&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `(p ⟶ q) ⟶ r` `p⟶q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
section {* Conjunciones *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 13. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p, q ⊢  p ∧ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_13: carmarria marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; q&amp;quot; using assms(1) assms(2) by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_13: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot; using `p` `q` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 14. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∧ q ⊢ p&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_14: carmarria marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot;  &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_14: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot;  &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 15. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∧ q ⊢ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_15: carmarria marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  show q using assms(1) by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_15: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 16. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∧ (q ∧ r) ⊢ (p ∧ q) ∧ r&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_16: carmarria marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∧ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have 2: &amp;quot;q \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; r&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 3: p using 1 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 4: q using 2 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 5: r using 2 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 6: &amp;quot;p \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; q&amp;quot; using 3 4 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; q) \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; r&amp;quot; using 6 5 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_16: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∧ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q∧r&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `q∧r` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q∧r` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot; using `p` `q` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p∧q)∧r&amp;quot; using `p∧q` `r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 17. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     (p ∧ q) ∧ r ⊢ p ∧ (q ∧ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_17:&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∧ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot; using assms ..&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; ..&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q ∧ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot; using assms ..&lt;br /&gt;
      thus &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; ..&lt;br /&gt;
    next&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using assms ..&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_17: carmarria marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1:&amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∧ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have 2:&amp;quot;p \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; q&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 3: r using 1 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 4: p using 2 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 5: q using 2 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 6: &amp;quot;q \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; r&amp;quot; using 5 3 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; (q \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; r)&amp;quot; using 4 6 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_17: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∧ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q∧r&amp;quot; using `q` `r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p∧(q∧r)&amp;quot; using `p` `q∧r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 18. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∧ q ⊢ p ⟶ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_18: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume p&lt;br /&gt;
    have q using assms(1) by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_18: marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2) &lt;br /&gt;
qed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_18: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 19. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     (p ⟶ q) ∧ (p ⟶ r) ⊢ p ⟶ q ∧ r   &lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_19: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ∧ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ q ∧ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: p&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 5: q using 3 2 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 6: r using 4 2 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 7: &amp;quot;q \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; r&amp;quot; using 5 6 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p ⟶ q \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_19: marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1:  &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ∧ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ q ∧ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  have 2:  &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q)&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 3:  &amp;quot;(p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume 4:  &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  with `(p ⟶ q)` have 5: &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 6: &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using 3 4 by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
  show  &amp;quot;q ∧ r&amp;quot; using 5 6 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_19: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ∧ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ q ∧ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p⟶q&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p⟶q` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p⟶r&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `p⟶r` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q∧r&amp;quot; using `q` `r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 20. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⟶ q ∧ r ⊢ (p ⟶ q) ∧ (p ⟶ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_20: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q ∧ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ∧ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: p&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: &amp;quot;q \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; r&amp;quot; using 1 2 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: q using 3 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  hence 5: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 6: p&lt;br /&gt;
      have 7: &amp;quot;q \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; r&amp;quot; using 1 6 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 8: r using 7 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 9: &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using 5 9 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_20: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ q ∧ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ∧ (p ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p⟶q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q∧r&amp;quot; using assms `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `q∧r` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p⟶r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q∧r&amp;quot; using assms `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q∧r` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p⟶q)∧(p⟶r)&amp;quot; using `p⟶q` `p⟶r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 21. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⟶ (q ⟶ r) ⊢ p ∧ q ⟶ r&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_21: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ q ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;p \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: p using 2 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: q using 2 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 5: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 6: r using 5 4 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p ∧ q ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_21: marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ q ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  hence &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; by (rule conjunct1) &lt;br /&gt;
  with assms have &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p ∧ q` by (rule conjunct2) &lt;br /&gt;
  with `(q ⟶ r)` show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
qed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_21: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ q ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot; using assms `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q⟶r` `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 22. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∧ q ⟶ r ⊢ p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_22: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume p&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume q&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;p \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; q&amp;quot; using `p` `q` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
      have r using assms(1) `p \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_22: marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof &lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    with `p` have &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot; by (rule conjI) &lt;br /&gt;
    with assms show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
  qed &lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_22: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot; using `p` `q` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using assms `p∧q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 23. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     (p ⟶ q) ⟶ r ⊢ p ∧ q ⟶ r&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_23: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ q ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume &amp;quot;p \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    {assume p&lt;br /&gt;
      have q using `p \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; q` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    have r using assms(1) `p ⟶ q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p \&amp;lt;and&amp;gt; q ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_23: marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ q ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;  using `p ∧ q` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p ∧ q` by (rule conjunct2) &lt;br /&gt;
  hence &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q)&amp;quot; by (rule impI) &lt;br /&gt;
  with assms show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
qed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_23: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ q ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p⟶q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using assms `p⟶q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 24. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∧ (q ⟶ r) ⊢ (p ⟶ q) ⟶ r&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_24: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: p using 1 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 5: q using 2 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 6: r using 4 5 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_24: marmedmar3&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume  &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;(q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  with `(p ⟶ q)` have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; by (rule mp) &lt;br /&gt;
  with `(q ⟶ r)` show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_24: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p⟶q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p⟶q` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q⟶r` `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
section {* Disyunciones *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 25. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⊢ p ∨ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_25: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using assms(1) by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_25: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms by this&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 26. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     q ⊢ p ∨ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_26: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using assms(1) by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_26: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using assms by this&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 27. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∨ q ⊢ q ∨ p&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_27: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q ∨ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using assms(1) by this&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume p&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q | p&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume q&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q | p&amp;quot; using `q` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  ultimately show &amp;quot;q | p&amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_27: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q ∨ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  using assms&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  then show &amp;quot;q∨p&amp;quot; by(rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q∨p&amp;quot; using `q` by(rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 28. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     q ⟶ r ⊢ p ∨ q ⟶ p ∨ r&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_28: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ q ⟶ p ∨ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    moreover&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume p&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;p | r&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume q&lt;br /&gt;
      have r using assms(1) `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;p | r&amp;quot; using `r` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    ultimately have  &amp;quot;p | r&amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p | q ⟶ p | r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_28: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ q ⟶ p ∨ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p∨r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  using `p∨q`&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p∨r&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using assms `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p∨r&amp;quot; using `r` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 29. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∨ p ⊢ p&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_29: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∨ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p | p&amp;quot; using assms(1) by this&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover &lt;br /&gt;
  {assume p&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume p&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  ultimately show p by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_29: joslopjim4&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∨ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule ccontr)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show False&lt;br /&gt;
    using assms&lt;br /&gt;
  proof&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show False using `¬p` `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show False using `¬p` `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_29: marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∨ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  using `p ∨ p`&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p` by this}&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p` by this}&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 30. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⊢ p ∨ p&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_30: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p | p&amp;quot; using assms(1) by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_30: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms by this&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 31. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∨ (q ∨ r) ⊢ (p ∨ q) ∨ r&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_31: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∨ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p | (q | r)&amp;quot; using 1 by this&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 2: p&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 2 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: &amp;quot;(p | q) | r&amp;quot; using 3 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 5: &amp;quot;q | r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 6: q&lt;br /&gt;
      have 7: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 6 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 8: &amp;quot;(p | q) | r &amp;quot; using 7 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 9: r&lt;br /&gt;
      have 10: &amp;quot;(p | q) | r &amp;quot; using 9 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
      ultimately have 11: &amp;quot;(p | q) | r &amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  ultimately show &amp;quot;(p | q) | r &amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_31: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∨ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  using assms&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∨ r&amp;quot; by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;q∨r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∨ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    using `q∨r`&lt;br /&gt;
  proof &lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; using `q` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∨ r&amp;quot; using `p∨q` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∨ r&amp;quot; using `r` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 32. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     (p ∨ q) ∨ r ⊢ p ∨ (q ∨ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_32: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∨ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;(p | q) | r&amp;quot; using 1 by this&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 2: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 3: p &lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: &amp;quot;p | (q | r)&amp;quot; using 3 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 5: q&lt;br /&gt;
      have 6: &amp;quot;q | r&amp;quot; using 5 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 7: &amp;quot;p | (q | r)&amp;quot; using 6 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    ultimately have 8: &amp;quot; p | (q | r)&amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
      moreover {assume 9: r&lt;br /&gt;
        have 10: &amp;quot;q | r&amp;quot; using 9 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
        have 11: &amp;quot;p | (q | r)&amp;quot; using 10 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
      }&lt;br /&gt;
      ultimately show &amp;quot;p | (q | r)&amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_32: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∨ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  using assms&lt;br /&gt;
proof&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    using `p∨q`&lt;br /&gt;
  proof &lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q∨r&amp;quot; using `q` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot; using `q∨r` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q∨r&amp;quot; using `r` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot; using `q∨r` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 33. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∧ (q ∨ r) ⊢ (p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_33: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have 2: p using 1 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 3: &amp;quot;q | r&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 4: q&lt;br /&gt;
    have 5: &amp;quot;p &amp;amp; q&amp;quot; using 2 4 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 6: &amp;quot;(p &amp;amp; q) | (p &amp;amp; r)&amp;quot; using 5 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 7: r&lt;br /&gt;
    have 8: &amp;quot;p &amp;amp; r&amp;quot; using 2 7 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 9: &amp;quot;(p &amp;amp; q) | (p &amp;amp; r)&amp;quot; using 8 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  ultimately show &amp;quot;(p &amp;amp; q) | (p &amp;amp; r)&amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_33: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q∨r&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  using `q∨r` &lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot; using `p` `q` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r)&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∧r&amp;quot; using `p` `r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r)&amp;quot; using `p∧r` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 34. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     (p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r) ⊢ p ∧ (q ∨ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_34: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;(p &amp;amp; q) | (p &amp;amp; r)&amp;quot; using 1 by this&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 2: &amp;quot;p &amp;amp; q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: p using 2 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: q using 2 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 5: &amp;quot;q | r&amp;quot; using 4 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 6: &amp;quot;p &amp;amp; (q | r)&amp;quot; using 3 5 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 7: &amp;quot;p &amp;amp; r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have 8: p using 7 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 9: r using 7 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 10: &amp;quot;q | r&amp;quot; using 9 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 11: &amp;quot;p &amp;amp; (q | r)&amp;quot; using 8 10 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  ultimately show &amp;quot;p &amp;amp; (q | r)&amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_34: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;(p ∧ q) ∨ (p ∧ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ (q ∨ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  using assms&lt;br /&gt;
proof&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q∨r&amp;quot; using `q` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p∧(q∨r)&amp;quot; using `p` `q∨r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p∧r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p∧r` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `p∧r` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q∨r&amp;quot; using `r` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p∧(q∨r)&amp;quot; using `p` `q∨r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 35. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∨ (q ∧ r) ⊢ (p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_35: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∧ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p | (q &amp;amp; r)&amp;quot; using 1 by this&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 2: p&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: &amp;quot; p | q&amp;quot; using 2 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: &amp;quot; p | r&amp;quot; using 2 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 5: &amp;quot;(p | q) &amp;amp; (p | r)&amp;quot; using 3 4 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 6: &amp;quot;q &amp;amp; r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    have 7: q using 6 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 8: r using 6 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 9: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 7 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 10: &amp;quot;p | r&amp;quot; using 8 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 11: &amp;quot;(p | q) &amp;amp; (p | r)&amp;quot; using 9 10 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  ultimately show &amp;quot;(p | q) &amp;amp; (p | r)&amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_35: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∧ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  using assms&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∨r&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)&amp;quot; using `p∨q` `p∨r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;q∧r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `q∧r` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q∧r` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; using `q` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∨r&amp;quot; using `r` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)&amp;quot; using `p∨q` `p∨r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 36. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     (p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r) ⊢ p ∨ (q ∧ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_36: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have 2: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 3: p&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: &amp;quot;p | (q &amp;amp; r)&amp;quot; using 3 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 5: q&lt;br /&gt;
    have 6: &amp;quot;p | r&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 7: p&lt;br /&gt;
      have 8: &amp;quot;p | (q &amp;amp; r)&amp;quot; using 7 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 9: r&lt;br /&gt;
      have 10: &amp;quot;q &amp;amp; r&amp;quot; using 5 9 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 11: &amp;quot;p | (q &amp;amp; r)&amp;quot; using 10 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    ultimately have 12: &amp;quot;p | (q &amp;amp; r)&amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  ultimately show &amp;quot;p | (q &amp;amp; r)&amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_36: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;(p ∨ q) ∧ (p ∨ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ (q ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∨r&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p∨(q ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    using `p∨r`&lt;br /&gt;
  proof&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p∨(q ∧ r)&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p∨(q ∧ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      using `p∨q`&lt;br /&gt;
    proof&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;p∨(q ∧ r)&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    next&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;q∧r&amp;quot; using `q` `r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;p∨(q ∧ r)&amp;quot; using `q∧r` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 37. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     (p ⟶ r) ∧ (q ⟶ r) ⊢ p ∨ q ⟶ r&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_37: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;(p ⟶ r) ∧ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ q ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have 2: &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 3: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 4: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 5: p&lt;br /&gt;
      have 6: r using 2 5 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 7: q&lt;br /&gt;
      have 8: r using 3 7 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    ultimately have r by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p | q ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_37: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;(p ⟶ r) ∧ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ q ⟶ r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p⟶r&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    using `p∨q`&lt;br /&gt;
  proof &lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `p⟶r` `p` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `q⟶r` `q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 38. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∨ q ⟶ r ⊢ (p ⟶ r) ∧ (q ⟶ r)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_38: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ∨ q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ⟶ r) ∧ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: p&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 2 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: r using 1 3 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 5: &amp;quot;p ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 6: q&lt;br /&gt;
    have 7: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 6 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 8: r using 1 7 by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  hence 9: &amp;quot;q ⟶ r&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p ⟶ r) &amp;amp; (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using 5 9 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_38: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∨ q ⟶ r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;(p ⟶ r) ∧ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p⟶r&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using assms `p∨q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; using `q` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using assms `p∨q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;(p ⟶ r) ∧ (q ⟶ r)&amp;quot; using `p⟶r` `q⟶r` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
section {* Negaciones *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 39. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⊢ ¬¬p&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_39: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;~~p&amp;quot; using assms(1) by (rule notnotI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_39: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;¬¬p&amp;quot; using assms by (rule notnotI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 40. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ¬p ⊢ p ⟶ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_40: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume p&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot; using assms(1) by this&lt;br /&gt;
    have False using `~p` `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    have q using `False` by (rule FalseE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_40: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using assms `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 41. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ⟶ q ⊢ ¬q ⟶ ¬p&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_41: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬q ⟶ ¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;~q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot; using 1 2 by (rule mt)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus 4: &amp;quot;~q ⟶ ~p&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_41: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬q ⟶ ¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; using assms `¬q` by (rule mt)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 42. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p∨q, ¬q ⊢ p&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_42: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; and&lt;br /&gt;
          2: &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot; p | q&amp;quot; using 1 by this&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 3: p&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 4: q&lt;br /&gt;
    have 5: False using 2 4 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 6: p using 5 by (rule FalseE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  ultimately show p by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_42: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  using assms(1)&lt;br /&gt;
proof &lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p` by this&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms(2) `q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 43. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∨ q, ¬p ⊢ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_43: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot; and&lt;br /&gt;
          2: &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
        shows   &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot; p | q&amp;quot; using 1 by this&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 3: p&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: False using 2 3 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 5: q using 4 by (rule FalseE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 6: q&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  ultimately show q by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_43: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  using assms(1)&lt;br /&gt;
proof&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using assms(2) `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `q` by this&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 44. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∨ q ⊢ ¬(¬p ∧ ¬q)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_44: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬(¬p ∧ ¬q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 1 by this&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 2: p&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 3:&amp;quot;~p &amp;amp; ~q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot; using 3 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: False using 4 2 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 6: &amp;quot;~(~p &amp;amp; ~q)&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 7: q&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 8: &amp;quot;~p &amp;amp; ~q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 9: &amp;quot;~q&amp;quot; using 8 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 10: False using 9 7 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 11: &amp;quot;~(~p &amp;amp; ~q)&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  ultimately show &amp;quot;~(~p &amp;amp; ~q)&amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_44: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;¬(¬p∧¬q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;¬p∧¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show False&lt;br /&gt;
    using assms&lt;br /&gt;
  proof&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; using `¬p∧¬q` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
    show False using `¬p` `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot; using `¬p∧¬q` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    show False using `¬q` `q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 45. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∧ q ⊢ ¬(¬p ∨ ¬q)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_45: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬(¬p ∨ ¬q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;~p | ~q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 3: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: p using 1 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: False using 3 4 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 6: &amp;quot;~q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 7: q using 1 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 8: False using 6 7 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    ultimately have False by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;~(~p | ~q)&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_45: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;¬(¬p∨¬q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;¬p∨¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  then show False&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
    show False using `¬p` `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    show False using `¬q` `q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 46. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ¬(p ∨ q) ⊢ ¬p ∧ ¬q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_46: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;¬(p ∨ q)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬p ∧ ¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: p&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 2 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: False using 1 3 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  hence 5: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
      {assume 6: q&lt;br /&gt;
    have 7: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 6 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 8: False using 1 7 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  hence 9: &amp;quot;~q&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;~p &amp;amp; ~q&amp;quot; using 5 9 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_46: joslopjim4&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬(p ∨ q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;¬p ∧ ¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule ccontr)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;¬¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `¬¬p` by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    show False using assms `p∨q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule ccontr)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;¬¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `¬¬q` by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; using `q` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    show False using assms `p∨q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_46: marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬(p ∨ q)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬p ∧ ¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
     proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
       show &amp;quot;p∨¬p&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
        {assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          have &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
          show &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; using `¬(p ∨ q)` and `p ∨ q` by (rule notE)}&lt;br /&gt;
      next&lt;br /&gt;
        {assume &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          show &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; using `¬p` by this}&lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
   show &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
     proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
       show &amp;quot;q∨¬q&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
        {assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          have &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot; using `q` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
          show &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot; using `¬(p ∨ q)` and `p ∨ q` by (rule notE)}&lt;br /&gt;
      next&lt;br /&gt;
        {assume &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
          show &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot; using `¬q` by this}&lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 47. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ¬p ∧ ¬q ⊢ ¬(p ∨ q)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_47: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;¬p ∧ ¬q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬(p ∨ q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 3: p&lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: False using 4 3 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    moreover {assume 6: q &lt;br /&gt;
      have 7: &amp;quot;~q&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 8: False using 7 6 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    ultimately have 9: False by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;~(p | q)&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_47: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬p∧¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;¬(p∨q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  then show False&lt;br /&gt;
  proof&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
    show False using `¬p` `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show False using `¬q` `q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 48. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ¬p ∨ ¬q ⊢ ¬(p ∧ q)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_48: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;¬p ∨ ¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬(p ∧ q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;~p | ~q&amp;quot; using 1 by this&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 2: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 3: &amp;quot;p &amp;amp; q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: p using 3 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: False using 2 4 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 6: &amp;quot;~(p &amp;amp; q)&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  moreover {assume 7: &amp;quot;~q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      {assume 8: &amp;quot;p &amp;amp; q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 9: q using 8 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 10: False using 7 9 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 11: &amp;quot;~(p &amp;amp; q)&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  ultimately show &amp;quot;~(p &amp;amp; q)&amp;quot; by (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_48: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬p ∨ ¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬(p ∧ q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show False&lt;br /&gt;
  using assms&lt;br /&gt;
proof&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  show False using `¬p` `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `p∧q` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show False using `¬q` `q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 49. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ⊢ ¬(p ∧ ¬p)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_49: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;quot;¬(p ∧ ¬p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 1: &amp;quot;p &amp;amp; ~p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have 2: p using 1 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: False using 3 2 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;~(p &amp;amp; ~p)&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_49: joslopjim4 marcacar1&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;¬(p∧¬p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p∧¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p∧¬p` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; using `p∧¬p` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show False using `¬p` `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 50. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     p ∧ ¬p ⊢ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_50: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;p ∧ ¬p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have 2: p using 1 by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 3: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot; using 1 by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 4: False using 3 2 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  show q using 4 by (rule FalseE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_50: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p∧¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p∧¬p` by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; using `p∧¬p` by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
  have False using `¬p` `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  then show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; by (rule FalseE)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 51. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ¬¬p ⊢ p&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_51: carmarria joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  show p using assms by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 52. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ⊢ p ∨ ¬p&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_52: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;quot;p ∨ ¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 1: &amp;quot;~(p | ~p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 2: p &lt;br /&gt;
      have 3: &amp;quot;p | ~p&amp;quot; using 2 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: False  using 1 3 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 5: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 6: &amp;quot;p | ~p&amp;quot; using 5 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 7: False using 1 6 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 8: &amp;quot;~~(p | ~p)&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p | ~p&amp;quot; using 8 by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_52: marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;quot;p ∨ ¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule ccontr)&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume &amp;quot;¬(p ∨ ¬p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
   proof (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
     {assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;p ∨ ¬p&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;False&amp;quot; using `¬(p ∨ ¬p)`  and `(p ∨ ¬p)` by (rule notE)}&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;p ∨ ¬p&amp;quot; using `¬p` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;False&amp;quot; using `¬(p ∨ ¬p)` and `p ∨ ¬p` by (rule notE)}&lt;br /&gt;
qed &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 53. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ⊢ ((p ⟶ q) ⟶ p) ⟶ p&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_53: joslopjim4&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;((p ⟶ q) ⟶ p) ⟶ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule ccontr)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;¬(p⟶q)&amp;quot; using `(p ⟶ q) ⟶ p` `¬p` by (rule mt)&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;p⟶q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `¬p` `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
    show False using `¬(p⟶q)` `p⟶q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_53: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;quot;((p ⟶ q) ⟶ p) ⟶ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 1: &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ p&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 2:&amp;quot;~p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 3: &amp;quot;~(p ⟶q)&amp;quot; using 1 2 by (rule mt)&lt;br /&gt;
      {assume 4: p&lt;br /&gt;
        have 5: False using 2 4 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
        have 6: q using 5 by (rule FalseE)&lt;br /&gt;
      }&lt;br /&gt;
      hence 7: &amp;quot;p ⟶q&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 8: False using 3 7 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 9: &amp;quot;~~p&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 10: p using 9 by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;((p ⟶ q)⟶p)⟶p&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_53: marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  &amp;quot;((p ⟶ q) ⟶ p) ⟶ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ⟶ p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
   show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
   proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
     show &amp;quot;p ∨ ¬p&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
     {assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
       show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p` by this}&lt;br /&gt;
   next&lt;br /&gt;
     {assume &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
       have &amp;quot;¬(p⟶q)&amp;quot; using `(p ⟶ q) ⟶ p` and `¬p` by (rule mt)&lt;br /&gt;
       have &amp;quot;p⟶q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
       proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
         {assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
           show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `¬p` and `p` by (rule notE)}&lt;br /&gt;
       qed&lt;br /&gt;
       show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `¬(p⟶q)` and `p⟶q` by (rule notE)}&lt;br /&gt;
   qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 54. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ¬q ⟶ ¬p ⊢ p ⟶ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_54: joslopjim4&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬q ⟶ ¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;¬¬p&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule notnotI)&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;¬¬q&amp;quot; using assms `¬¬p` by (rule mt)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `¬¬q` by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_54: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;¬q ⟶ ¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: p&lt;br /&gt;
    have 3: &amp;quot;~~p&amp;quot; using 2 by (rule notnotI)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 4: &amp;quot;~~q&amp;quot; using 1 3 by (rule mt)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 5: q using 4 by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p ⟶q&amp;quot; by (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_54: marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬q ⟶ ¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ⟶ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q∨¬q&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;q ∨ ¬q&amp;quot; using `q ∨ ¬q` by this&lt;br /&gt;
      {assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `q` by this}&lt;br /&gt;
    next&lt;br /&gt;
      {assume &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        have &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot; using `¬q ⟶ ¬p` and `¬q` by (rule mp)&lt;br /&gt;
        show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `¬p` and `p` by (rule notE)}&lt;br /&gt;
    qed}&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 55. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ¬(¬p ∧ ¬q) ⊢ p ∨ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_55: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;¬(¬p ∧ ¬q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof - &lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;~(p | q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 3: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 4: &amp;quot;~q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: &amp;quot;~p &amp;amp; ~q&amp;quot; using 3 4 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 6: False using 1 5 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
      hence 7: &amp;quot;~~q&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 8: q using 7 by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 9: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 8 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 10: False using 2 9 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 11: &amp;quot;~~p&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 12: p using 11 by(rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 13: &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 12 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 14: False using 2 13 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  hence 15: &amp;quot;~~(p | q)&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p | q&amp;quot; using 15 by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_55: joslopjim4&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬(¬p ∧ ¬q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;¬p∨p&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    thus &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof-&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;¬q∨q&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
      thus &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      proof&lt;br /&gt;
        assume &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        have &amp;quot;¬p∧¬q&amp;quot; using `¬p` `¬q` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
        have False using assms `¬p∧¬q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
        then show &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; by (rule FalseE)&lt;br /&gt;
      next&lt;br /&gt;
        assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        show &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; using `q` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p∨q&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_55:marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬(¬p ∧ ¬q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p ∨ ¬p&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot; using `p` by (rule disjI1)}&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;q ∨ ¬q&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
      {assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        show &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot; using `q` by (rule disjI2)}&lt;br /&gt;
    next&lt;br /&gt;
      {assume &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        have &amp;quot;¬p ∧ ¬q&amp;quot; using `¬p` and `¬q` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
        show &amp;quot;p ∨ q&amp;quot; using `¬(¬p ∧ ¬q)` and `(¬p ∧ ¬q)` by (rule notE)}&lt;br /&gt;
    qed}&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 56. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ¬(¬p ∨ ¬q) ⊢ p ∧ q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_56: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;¬(¬p ∨ ¬q)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 2: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 3: &amp;quot;~p | ~q&amp;quot; using 2 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 4: False using 1 3 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 5: &amp;quot;~~p&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 6: p using 5 by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
       {assume 7: &amp;quot;~q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have 8: &amp;quot;~p | ~q&amp;quot; using 7 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 9: False using 1 8 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 10: &amp;quot;~~q&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 11: q using 10 by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
    show 12: &amp;quot; p &amp;amp; q&amp;quot; using 6 11 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_56: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬(¬p ∨ ¬q)&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;p ∧ q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;¬p∨p&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
  proof&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;¬p∨¬q&amp;quot; using `¬p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
    have False using assms `¬p∨¬q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    then show &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot; by (rule FalseE)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;¬q∨q&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
    thus &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot; using `p` `q` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
    next&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;¬p∨¬q&amp;quot; using `¬q` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
      have False using assms `¬p∨¬q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
      then show &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot; by (rule FalseE)&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 57. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ¬(p ∧ q) ⊢ ¬p ∨ ¬q&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ejercicio_57: carmarria&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes 1: &amp;quot;¬(p ∧ q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬p ∨ ¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 2: &amp;quot;~(~p | ~q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  {assume 3: p&lt;br /&gt;
    {assume 4: q&lt;br /&gt;
      have 5: &amp;quot;p &amp;amp; q&amp;quot; using 3 4 by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
      have 6: False using 1 5 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    }&lt;br /&gt;
    hence 7: &amp;quot;~q&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 8: &amp;quot;~p | ~q&amp;quot; using 7 by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    have 9: False using 2 8 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
  }&lt;br /&gt;
  hence 10: &amp;quot;~p&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 11: &amp;quot;~p | ~q&amp;quot; using 10 by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  have 12: False using 2 11 by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
}&lt;br /&gt;
  hence 13: &amp;quot;~~(~p | ~q)&amp;quot; by (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;~p | ~q&amp;quot; using 13 by (rule notnotD)&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_57: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;¬(p ∧ q)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows   &amp;quot;¬p ∨ ¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof-&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;¬p∨p&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;¬p∨¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;¬p∨¬q&amp;quot; using `¬p` by (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;¬q∨q&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
    thus &amp;quot;¬p∨¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;¬p∨¬q&amp;quot; using `¬q` by (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
    next&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot; using `p` `q` by (rule conjI)&lt;br /&gt;
      have False using assms `p∧q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
      then show &amp;quot;¬p∨¬q&amp;quot; by (rule FalseE)&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 58. Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
     ⊢ (p ⟶ q) ∨ (q ⟶ p)&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_58: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ∨ (q ⟶ p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof -&lt;br /&gt;
  have &amp;quot;¬p∨p&amp;quot; by (rule excluded_middle)&lt;br /&gt;
  thus &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ∨ (q ⟶ p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule disjE)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;¬p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ∨ (q ⟶ p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule disjI1)&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;p⟶q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      proof&lt;br /&gt;
        assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; using `¬p` `p` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;(p ⟶ q) ∨ (q ⟶ p)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule disjI2)&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;q⟶p&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule impI)&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using `p` by this&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
text {* --------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;br /&gt;
  Ejercicio 59 (EXTRA). Demostrar&lt;br /&gt;
    p∧¬(q⟶r) ⊢ (p∧q)∧¬r&lt;br /&gt;
  ------------------------------------------------------------------ *}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
lemma ej_59: joslopjim4 marcabcar1&lt;br /&gt;
  assumes &amp;quot;p∧¬(q⟶r)&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  shows &amp;quot;(p∧q)∧¬r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
proof&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;p∧q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;p&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct1)&lt;br /&gt;
  next&lt;br /&gt;
    show &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof (rule ccontr)&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;¬q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;¬(q⟶r)&amp;quot; using assms by (rule conjunct2)&lt;br /&gt;
      have &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
      proof&lt;br /&gt;
        assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
        show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `¬q` `q` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
      qed&lt;br /&gt;
      show False using `¬(q⟶r)` `q⟶r` by (rule notE)&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
next&lt;br /&gt;
  show &amp;quot;¬r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  proof (rule notI)&lt;br /&gt;
    assume &amp;quot;r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;q⟶r&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    proof&lt;br /&gt;
      assume &amp;quot;q&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
      show &amp;quot;r&amp;quot; using `r` by this&lt;br /&gt;
    qed&lt;br /&gt;
    have &amp;quot;¬(q⟶r)&amp;quot; using assms ..&lt;br /&gt;
    thus False using `q⟶r` ..&lt;br /&gt;
  qed&lt;br /&gt;
 qed&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
end&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/source&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marcabcar1</name></author>
		
	</entry>
</feed>